Probing the protrusions: lamellipodia and filopodia in cancer invasion and beyond

The dynamic protrusions of lamellipodia and filopodia have emerged as crucial players in tumor progression and metastasis. These membrane structures, governed by intricate actin cytoskeletal rearrangements, facilitate cancer cell migration, invasion, and interaction with the tumor microenvironment. This review provides a comprehensive examination of the structural and functional attributes of lamellipodia and filopodia, shedding light on their pivotal roles in mediating cancer invasion. Navigating through the intricate landscape of cancer biology, the review illuminates the intricate signaling pathways and regulatory mechanisms orchestrating the formation and activity of these protrusions. The discussion extends to the clinical implications of lamellipodia and filopodia, exploring their potential as diagnostic and prognostic markers, and delving into therapeutic strategies that target these structures to impede cancer progression. As we delve into the future, the review outlines emerging technologies and unexplored facets that beckon further research, emphasizing the need for collaborative efforts to unravel the complexities of lamellipodia and filopodia in cancer, ultimately paving the way for innovative therapeutic interventions.