透视:猪肉在可持续健康饮食中的地位。

IF 8 1区 医学 Q1 NUTRITION & DIETETICS
Adam Drewnowski
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引用次数: 0

摘要

粮食系统可持续性框架包括四个方面:营养、经济、环境和社会。要实现可持续发展,单个食品和总体饮食必须营养丰富、经济实惠、环境友好且为社会所接受。猪肉是全球消费量最大的肉类,可提供优质蛋白质和多种优先微量营养素。随着研究的注意力集中在以植物为基础的饮食上,现在是评估猪肉蛋白质在全球可持续发展框架中的地位的时候了。首先,并非所有蛋白质都是平等的。美国农业部(USDA)的蛋白质食品类别包括肉类、家禽和鱼类、蛋类、豆类和豆制品以及坚果和种子。这些蛋白质来源的蛋白质消化率不同,单位热量价格不同,以温室气体排放量(GHGE)衡量的环境足迹也不同。其次,大多数动物源蛋白质分析将牛肉、猪肉和羊肉合并为单一的红肉类别。牛肉、猪肉和羊肉的营养成分不同,蛋白质成本不同,对环境的影响也不同。未来对替代饮食的营养密度、货币成本和碳成本进行分析时,最好将猪肉与牛肉、羊肉和鸡肉分开。全球粮食需求也存在差异。之前对联合国粮农组织统计数据库(FAOSTAT)全球粮食平衡表和世界银行国家收入的分析一致表明,中低收入国家(LMIC)收入的增加导致对肉类的需求不断增长,以取代传统的植物蛋白。观察到的增长主要是对猪肉和鸡肉而非牛肉的需求。只要收入增长,中低收入国家蛋白质向更多动物蛋白的转变就可能不可逆转。鉴于对优质蛋白质的需求和可预测的全球粮食需求模式,本分析探讨了猪肉在全球可持续健康饮食中的地位。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Perspective: The Place of Pork Meat in Sustainable Healthy Diets

The food systems sustainability framework has 4 domains: nutrition, economics, environment, and society. To qualify as sustainable, individual foods and total diets need to be nutrient-rich, affordable, environmentally friendly, and socially acceptable. Pork is the most consumed meat globally, providing high-quality protein and several priority micronutrients. With research attention focused on plant-based diets, it is time to assess the place of pork meat protein in the global sustainability framework. First, not all proteins are equal. The United States Department of Agriculture category of protein foods includes meat, poultry and fish, eggs, beans and legumes, and nuts and seeds. These protein sources have different protein digestibility profiles, different per-calorie prices, and different environmental footprints, measured in terms of greenhouse gas emissions. Second, most analyses of animal-source proteins combine beef, pork, and lamb into a single category of red meat. Beef, pork, and lamb have different nutrient profiles, different protein costs, and different impacts on the environment. Future analyses of nutrient density and monetary and carbon costs of alternative diets would do well to separate pork from beef, lamb, and chicken. There are also different profiles of global food demand. Prior analyses of global Food and Agriculture Organization Statistical Database food balance sheets joined with World Bank country incomes have consistently shown that rising incomes across lower- and middle-income countries (LMIC) create a growing demand for meat to replace traditional plant proteins. Most of the observed increase has been for pork and chicken rather than beef. This ongoing LMIC protein transition toward more animal proteins may be irreversible as long as incomes grow. The present analyses explore the place of pork in sustainable healthy diets worldwide, given the need for high-quality protein and the predictable patterns of global food demand.

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来源期刊
Advances in Nutrition
Advances in Nutrition 医学-营养学
CiteScore
17.40
自引率
2.20%
发文量
117
审稿时长
56 days
期刊介绍: Advances in Nutrition (AN/Adv Nutr) publishes focused reviews on pivotal findings and recent research across all domains relevant to nutritional scientists and biomedical researchers. This encompasses nutrition-related research spanning biochemical, molecular, and genetic studies using experimental animal models, domestic animals, and human subjects. The journal also emphasizes clinical nutrition, epidemiology and public health, and nutrition education. Review articles concentrate on recent progress rather than broad historical developments. In addition to review articles, AN includes Perspectives, Letters to the Editor, and supplements. Supplement proposals require pre-approval by the editor before submission. The journal features reports and position papers from the American Society for Nutrition, summaries of major government and foundation reports, and Nutrient Information briefs providing crucial details about dietary requirements, food sources, deficiencies, and other essential nutrient information. All submissions with scientific content undergo peer review by the Editors or their designees prior to acceptance for publication.
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