花生收获期间烟孢子的空中传播

IF 2.5 3区 农林科学 Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Juan A. Paredes, Adam H. Sparks, Joaquín H. Monguillot, Alejandro M. Rago, Juan.P. Edwards Molina
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引用次数: 0

摘要

花生烟粉病(Thecaphora frezzii)是阿根廷花生生产中最重要的花生病害之一。这种单环土传病原体会将果核转化为孢子块。孢子在收获过程中从破损的感染豆荚中释放出来,这应该是接种体传播的主要机制,随后在田间传播,增加了未来花生种植季节的土壤接种体。然而,我们还没有发现任何关于风力(风速和风向)在烟粉虱孢子传播距离上所起作用的公开研究。因此,我们进行了一项观察性研究,在收获时将被动式孢子捕集器分布在六块田地周围,分别距离每块田地中心点 100 米、200 米、300 米和 400 米处的四个方位。采样分为三个时间片:从收割开始到收割期间的 90 分钟、180 分钟和 270 分钟。每个诱捕器都记录了风速和风向。拟合了一个广义加法模型来描述孢子的传播。散播模型显示,散播受风速和收获地严重受损豆荚发生率的影响。此外,还评估了不同烟粉虱孢子的大小和比例(从单个孢子到 5 个多核繁殖体)。在捕获的孢子类型比例方面没有发现统计差异。不过,在距离收获区较远的地方捕获的孢子较少。这项工作使我们了解了花生烟粉虱周期和流行病学的一个基本组成部分,即设计管理策略。例如,避免在大风天(通常为 10 千米/小时)收获,以防止接种体在以后季节的远距离传播,或预测受感染田块周围的风险。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。

Aerial spread of smut spores during peanut harvest

Aerial spread of smut spores during peanut harvest

Peanut smut (Thecaphora frezzii) is one of the most important peanut diseases in Argentinian peanut production. This monocyclic soil-borne pathogen transforms kernels into spore masses. Spore liberation from broken infected pods during the harvest process is supposed to be the main mechanism of inoculum spread, with the subsequent spread among fields increasing the soil inoculum for future peanut cropping seasons. However, we are unaware of any published study on the role of wind (in terms of speed and direction) in how far smut spores spread. Therefore, we conducted an observational study where passive spore traps were distributed at harvest around six fields placed at 100, 200, 300, and 400 m away from each field’s centroid in four cardinal directions. Three time slices were sampled: from the beginning of harvest to 90-, 180-, and 270-minutes continuously during harvest. Wind speed and direction were recorded at each trap. A generalized additive model was fitted to describe the spore spread. Modeling the dispersal shows that the spread is influenced by wind speed and the smut severely damaged pods incidence present at the harvested field. Additionally, spore size and proportion of different smut spore types were assessed (from a single unit spore to a 5-multinuclear propagule). No statistical differences were observed in the proportion of the spore types trapped. However, fewer spores were trapped at distances farther from the harvested area. This work led us to understand a fundamental component of the peanut smut cycle and epidemiology, which is to design management strategies. For example, avoiding harvest on windy days (typically >10 km h-1) to prevent the distant spread of inoculum for subsequent seasons or predicting the risk surrounding an infected field.

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来源期刊
Tropical Plant Pathology
Tropical Plant Pathology PLANT SCIENCES-
CiteScore
4.50
自引率
4.00%
发文量
61
审稿时长
6-12 weeks
期刊介绍: Tropical Plant Pathology is an international journal devoted to publishing a wide range of research on fundamental and applied aspects of plant diseases of concern to agricultural, forest and ornamental crops from tropical and subtropical environments.  Submissions must report original research that provides new insights into the etiology and epidemiology of plant disease as well as population biology of plant pathogens, host-pathogen interactions, physiological and molecular plant pathology, and strategies to promote crop protection. The journal considers for publication: original articles, short communications, reviews and letters to the editor. For more details please check the submission guidelines. Founded in 1976, the journal is the official publication of the Brazilian Phytopathology Society.
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