成年后期的实用技能

IF 1.6 2区 文学 Q1 LINGUISTICS
Maria Alice Baraldi, Filippo Domaneschi
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引用次数: 0

摘要

对健康老龄化过程中语用能力的调查研究表明,语用能力的产生和理解可能都会受到影响;但是,目前还不清楚语用能力在成年晚期是如何演变的,也不清楚什么时候更容易出现困难。本研究的目的是调查老龄化过程中语用能力的下降,并探索哪些认知和人口因素支持语用能力。我们评估了一组老年人和一组年轻参与者的语用制作技能(包括话语能力,如语音、信息量、信息流、副语言方面)和语用理解技能(包括理解话语和叙事文本的主要方面、推断非字面含义和理解口头幽默的能力)。此外,还对两组人的特定认知功能(短期记忆、言语和视觉空间工作记忆、抑制心智理论和认知储备)进行了评估。语用困难似乎发生在成年晚期,可能在 70 岁左右,在要求参与者理解口头幽默时表现得更为突出。在认知能力未受损的老年人样本中,年龄是预测一般语用表现的唯一因素;相反,当考虑到抑制控制能力较弱的老年人时,除了工作记忆和ToM在特定任务中的作用外,抑制作用也出现了。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Pragmatic Skills in Late Adulthood.

Research investigating pragmatic abilities in healthy aging suggests that both production and comprehension might be compromised; however, it is not clear how pragmatic abilities evolve in late adulthood, as well as when difficulties are more likely to arise. The aim of this study is to investigate the decline of pragmatic skills in aging, and to explore what cognitive and demographic factors support pragmatic competence. We assessed pragmatic production skills, including discourse abilities such as speech, informativeness, information flow, paralinguistic aspects, as well as the ability to produce informative descriptions of pictures, and pragmatic comprehension skills, which encompassed the ability to understand discourse and the main aspects of a narrative text, to infer non-literal meanings and to comprehend verbal humor in a group of elderly individuals and in a sample of younger participants. Moreover, specific cognitive functions (short-term memory, verbal and visuospatial working memory, inhibition Theory of Mind, and Cognitive Reserve) were assessed in both groups. Pragmatic difficulties seem to occur in late adulthood, likely around 70 years, and emerge more prominently when participants are asked to understand verbal humor. Age was the only predictor of general pragmatic performance in a sample of cognitively unimpaired older adults; conversely, when elderly individuals with less intact inhibitory control are considered, a general role of inhibition emerged, in addition to working memory and ToM in specific tasks.

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来源期刊
CiteScore
3.00
自引率
5.00%
发文量
92
期刊介绍: Journal of Psycholinguistic Research publishes carefully selected papers from the several disciplines engaged in psycholinguistic research, providing a single, recognized medium for communications among linguists, psychologists, biologists, sociologists, and others. The journal covers a broad range of approaches to the study of the communicative process, including: the social and anthropological bases of communication; development of speech and language; semantics (problems in linguistic meaning); and biological foundations. Papers dealing with the psychopathology of language and cognition, and the neuropsychology of language and cognition, are also included.
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