美国自闭症种族比例失调的系统性文献综述

IF 3.2 2区 心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, DEVELOPMENTAL
Hyejung Kim, Muhammet Furkan Karakaya, Mandy Skinner, Diana Baker
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引用次数: 0

摘要

近年来,自闭症与发育障碍监测网络(Autism and Developmental Disabilities Monitoring Network)观察到自闭症的种族差异发生了变化。为了描述美国自闭症发病率中种族比例失调的历史性转变,我们的文献综述研究了三个关键主题:有关自闭症种族比例失调的出版趋势、可识别的国家和州一级模式以及导致比例失调的潜在因素。利用 PRISMA 框架,我们综合了 24 项有关自闭症种族比例失调及其随时间变化的实证研究。这些研究探讨了自闭症的全国模式和时空变化,以全面了解自闭症的种族差异。研究表明,黑人和亚裔种族群体的全国模式相似;在本世纪初,这两个群体的结果好坏参半。到 2007 年,亚裔群体的比例再次偏高。西班牙裔和美国原住民群体的比例一直偏低。然而,我们发现了明显的时空差异,这表明这些差异可能反映了当前识别和分类系统中固有的不平等。自闭症的种族比例失调模式似乎受到许多因素的影响。这些因素包括各州对自闭症的不同定义、资源分配的差异、不同文化对症状认识的差异、服务偏好、专业人员和家庭之间的文化不匹配,以及普遍存在的偏见和污名。这些发现促使我们更深入地研究这些差异的原因和影响,提出了当前诊断系统中的潜在问题,并强调了进一步研究的必要性,以确保平等的教育机会,不论残疾和种族/族裔。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。

A Systematic Literature Review of Racial Disproportionality in Autism in the U.S.

A Systematic Literature Review of Racial Disproportionality in Autism in the U.S.

In recent years, the Autism and Developmental Disabilities Monitoring Network has observed a shift in racial disparities in autism. To delineate the historical shift of racial disproportionality in US autism prevalence, our literature review examines three key topics: publication trends concerning racial disproportionality in autism, discernible national and state-level patterns, and underlying factors contributing to the disproportionality. Using the PRISMA framework, we synthesized 24 empirical studies on racial disproportionality in autism and its change over time. These studies explored national patterns and spatiotemporal variations to provide a comprehensive understanding of racial disparities in autism. Studies indicated similar national patterns for Black and Asian racial groups; both groups had had mixed results around the turn of the millennium. By 2007, the Asian group was overrepresented again. Hispanic and Native American groups have consistently been underrepresented. However, significant spatiotemporal variations were found, suggesting that these disparities might reflect inherent inequalities within the current identification and classification system. The patterns of racial disproportionality in autism seem to be influenced by numerous factors. These include varying state definitions of autism, disparities in resource distribution, differences in symptom recognition across cultures, service preferences, cultural mismatches between professionals and families, and prevailing biases and stigmas, as revealed by the reviewed studies. These findings prompt a closer look into the causes and implications of these disparities, offering the underlying issues within the current diagnostic system and highlighting the need for further research to ensure equal educational opportunities regardless of disabilities and race/ethnicity.

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来源期刊
CiteScore
8.00
自引率
10.30%
发文量
433
期刊介绍: The Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders seeks to advance theoretical and applied research as well as examine and evaluate clinical diagnoses and treatments for autism and related disabilities. JADD encourages research submissions on the causes of ASDs and related disorders, including genetic, immunological, and environmental factors; diagnosis and assessment tools (e.g., for early detection as well as behavioral and communications characteristics); and prevention and treatment options. Sample topics include: Social responsiveness in young children with autism Advances in diagnosing and reporting autism Omega-3 fatty acids to treat autism symptoms Parental and child adherence to behavioral and medical treatments for autism Increasing independent task completion by students with autism spectrum disorder Does laughter differ in children with autism? Predicting ASD diagnosis and social impairment in younger siblings of children with autism The effects of psychotropic and nonpsychotropic medication with adolescents and adults with ASD Increasing independence for individuals with ASDs Group interventions to promote social skills in school-aged children with ASDs Standard diagnostic measures for ASDs Substance abuse in adults with autism Differentiating between ADHD and autism symptoms Social competence and social skills training and interventions for children with ASDs Therapeutic horseback riding and social functioning in children with autism Authors and readers of the Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders include sch olars, researchers, professionals, policy makers, and graduate students from a broad range of cross-disciplines, including developmental, clinical child, and school psychology; pediatrics; psychiatry; education; social work and counseling; speech, communication, and physical therapy; medicine and neuroscience; and public health.
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