Probiotic or probiotics add supplement interferes with coronary heart disease: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

The effect of probiotics or probiotics add supplement on improving clinical outcomes of coronary heart disease (CHD) has produced conflicting results. This meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the effect of probiotics supplementation or probiotics add supplement on blood glucose, lipids, blood pressure, inflammatory reaction, oxidative stress, and depress score in patients with CHD. Search PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases for relevant studies from February 1974 to September 2022. Pooled results were calculated using a fixed-effect model to assess the effects of probiotics supplementation or probiotics add supplement in CHD. A total of 10 randomized controlled trials were included in this analysis. Overall, probiotics add supplement showed statistically significant reductions in triglycerides, insulin, homeostasis model of assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), interleukin-6, and Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) score, compared to the control group (standardized mean difference [SMD]: −0.35 mg/dL; SMD: −0.64 μIU/mL; SMD: −0.90; SMD: −0.57 mg/dL; SMD: −0.60 pg/mL; SMD: −0.52; respectively), but high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, nitric oxide (NO) were statistically significant increased (SMD: 0.45 mg/dL; SMD: 1.01 μmol/L; respectively). Then, probiotics showed statistically significant reductions in hs-CRP, and Beck Anxiety Inventory score BDI (SMD: −0.50 mg/dL; SMD: −0.67; SMD: −0.41; respectively). Moreover, subgroup analyses revealed that low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, HOMA-IR, diastolic blood pressure, NO indicators may influence by patients age, body mass index (BMI), duration of the supplement and dose of probiotics. Our analysis showed that probiotics supplementation or probiotics add supplement improved glucolipid metabolism, inflammatory response, oxidative stress, and depressive disorder, particularly the patients who ages ≥60, baseline BMI <30 kg/m², duration of intervention more than 12 weeks and the dose of probiotics ≥8 × 10⁹ CFU/day. The PROSPERO ID was CRD42022357385.