系统发育反应和个体发生习惯的行为起源。

IF 1.4 3区 心理学 Q4 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES
W. David Stahlman, Kenneth J. Leising
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引用次数: 0

摘要

对先天行为及其可能起源的研究表明,先天行为与习惯性行为的形成有相似之处。固有的反射行为、巴甫洛夫条件反应和操作性习惯等不灵活的适应性反应可能是在系统发育和个体发育过程中从可变的行为进化而来的。这种“可塑性优先”的科学叙述形式在达尔文之后不受欢迎,但最近在进化生物学中获得了可信度。本文试图在系统发育和个体发育的选择水平上确定导致这种不灵活但适应性行为的起源事件和偶然事件。在个体发生学中,从可变的操作行为发展到不灵活的表现(即习惯),让人想起最初可变的系统发育特征的遗传适应。习惯的影响特征(例如,对强化物贬值的不反应)可以解释为不同选择水平的行为之间冲突的结果。目前的解释证实了在进化生物学和操作行为之间寻求硬性类比的做法。找到这样的相似之处,意味着有机体行为,无论是先天的还是后天的,都是结果选择的产物,这一说法是正确的。一个完整而连贯的有机体行为解释可能最终集中在功能选择历史上,就像进化生物学对其主题所做的那样。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
The behavioral origins of phylogenic responses and ontogenic habits

An examination of innate behavior and its possible origins suggests parallels with the formation of habitual behavior. Inflexible but adaptive responses—innate reflexive behavior, Pavlovian conditioned responses, and operant habits—may have evolved from variable behavior in phylogeny and ontogeny. This form of “plasticity-first” scientific narrative was unpopular post-Darwin but has recently gained credibility in evolutionary biology. The present article seeks to identify originating events and contingencies contributing to such inflexible but adaptive behavior at both phylogenic and ontogenic levels of selection. In ontogeny, the development of inflexible performance (i.e., habit) from variable operant behavior is reminiscent of the genetic accommodation of initially variable phylogenic traits. The effects characteristic of habit (e.g., unresponsiveness to reinforcer devaluation) are explicable as the result of a conflict between behaviors at distinct levels of selection. The present interpretation validates the practice of seeking hard analogies between evolutionary biology and operant behavior. Finding such parallels implies the validity of a claim that organismal behavior, both innate and learned, is a product of selection by consequences. A complete and coherent account of organismal behavior may ultimately focus on functional selective histories in much the same way evolutionary biology does with its subject matter.

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来源期刊
CiteScore
3.90
自引率
14.80%
发文量
83
审稿时长
>12 weeks
期刊介绍: Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior is primarily for the original publication of experiments relevant to the behavior of individual organisms.
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