视觉和言语工作记忆的干扰模型。

IF 2.2 2区 心理学 Q2 PSYCHOLOGY
Klaus Oberauer, Hsuan-Yu Lin
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引用次数: 0

摘要

工作记忆(WM)的研究遵循了两种基本独立的传统:一种是对顺序呈现的离散项目列表的记忆,另一种是对同时呈现的具有简单、连续变化特征的对象数组的短期维持。在这里,我们提出了一个正式的WM模型,即干扰模型(IM),它解释了两种传统的基准结果:视觉特征连续再现的误差分布的形状,以及它如何受到记忆集大小的影响;序列位置对顺序呈现项目的影响,输出位置的影响,以及非目标的入侵作为它们与目标在空间和时间上的距离的函数。我们将该模型应用于两个实验,结合了两种传统的流行范式特征:颜色列表(实验1)或非单词列表(实验2)是顺序呈现的,并通过从一组候选对象中选择目标进行测试,按其相似性排序。IM的核心假设是:通过临时绑定上下文(作为访问内容的检索线索)将内容编码到WM中。绑定在上下文和内容维度上的精度有限。存储集的一个子集——通常是一个项目及其上下文——被高精度地保存在一个关注焦点中。一个情节中的连续事件以递减的强度进行编码,从而产生首要梯度。对于每个编码事件,WM的自动更新会降低先前记忆的强度,从而产生最近梯度和输出干扰。(PsycInfo数据库记录(c) 2023 APA,版权所有)。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
An interference model for visual and verbal working memory.

Research on working memory (WM) has followed two largely independent traditions: One concerned with memory for sequentially presented lists of discrete items, and the other with short-term maintenance of simultaneously presented arrays of objects with simple, continuously varying features. Here we present a formal model of WM, the interference model (IM), that explains benchmark findings from both traditions: The shape of the error distribution from continuous reproduction of visual features, and how it is affected by memory set size; the effects of serial position for sequentially presented items, the effect of output position, and the intrusion of nontargets as a function of their distance from the target in space and in time. We apply the model to two experiments combining features of popular paradigms from both traditions: Lists of colors (Experiment 1) or of nonwords (Experiment 2) are presented sequentially and tested through selection of the target from a set of candidates, ordered by their similarity. The core assumptions of the IM are: Contents are encoded into WM through temporary bindings to contexts that serve as retrieval cues to access the contents. Bindings have limited precision on the context and the content dimension. A subset of the memory set-usually one item and its context-is maintained in a focus of attention with high precision. Successive events in an episode are encoded with decreasing strength, generating a primacy gradient. With each encoded event, automatic updating of WM reduces the strength of preceding memories, creating a recency gradient and output interference. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

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来源期刊
CiteScore
4.30
自引率
3.80%
发文量
163
审稿时长
4-8 weeks
期刊介绍: The Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition publishes studies on perception, control of action, perceptual aspects of language processing, and related cognitive processes.
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