幼儿期的亲社会发展:以人为本的方法

IF 2.8 4区 心理学 Q2 PSYCHOLOGY, DEVELOPMENTAL
Yue Song, Martine Broekhuizen, Judith Semon Dubas
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引用次数: 0

摘要

针对幼儿亲社会行为是否存在可靠的个体差异的争论,本研究采用以人为本的方法调查(1)幼儿在22、28和34个月时工具性帮助、分享性帮助和共情性帮助的特征,以及(2)幼儿气质(愤怒/沮丧、冲动和抑制控制)对这些特征的预测作用。以变量为中心的分析检查了跨任务和随时间的关联。参与者是93名荷兰幼儿,他们在每一波的标准化行为评估中被观察到。父母们把孩子的性情评为第一波。结果显示,亲社会行为与儿童的跨任务和时间关联虽小但显著,在22个月时分为3个组(高亲社会、工具性帮助者和低亲社会帮助者),在28个月时分为3个组(高、中、低),在34个月时分为2个组(高亲社会、工具性帮助者和移情帮助者),各波成员稳定性均为中低。对于34个月大的婴儿,高亲社会组的婴儿被认为比帮助组的同龄人更不冲动。这些发现表明,亲社会性的个体差异在早期就存在,冲动是这些个体差异的潜在前兆。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Prosocial development throughout the toddlerhood: A person-centred approach

Addressing the debate on whether there are reliable individual differences in toddler's prosociality, this study employed a person-centred approach to investigate (1) profiles of instrumental helping, sharing and empathic helping at 22, 28 and 34 months, and (2) the predictive role of toddler's temperament (anger/frustration, impulsivity and inhibitory control) to these profiles. Variable-centred analyses examined cross-task and over time associations. Participants were 93 Dutch toddlers observed in standardised behavioural assessments at each wave. Parents rated their toddler's temperament at wave 1. Results revealed small but significant across-task and over time associations of the prosocial behaviours and children were distinguished into three profile groups at 22 months (high prosocial, instrumental helper and low prosocial), three at 28 months (high, moderate and low) and two profiles at 34 months (high prosocial and instrumental and empathic helpers), with low to moderate membership stability across waves. For 34-month-olds, those in the high prosocial group were rated as being less impulsive compared to their peers in the helper group. These findings indicate reliable individual differences of prosociality exist at early ages with impulsivity as a potential precursor to these individual differences.

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来源期刊
Infant and Child Development
Infant and Child Development PSYCHOLOGY, DEVELOPMENTAL-
CiteScore
2.90
自引率
9.10%
发文量
93
期刊介绍: Infant and Child Development publishes high quality empirical, theoretical and methodological papers addressing psychological development from the antenatal period through to adolescence. The journal brings together research on: - social and emotional development - perceptual and motor development - cognitive development - language development atypical development (including conduct problems, anxiety and depressive conditions, language impairments, autistic spectrum disorders, and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorders)
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