逃避欧盟标签?黄金时代的劳工和商业政治动员

IF 4.4 2区 社会学 Q1 INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS & LABOR
Marc Dixon
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引用次数: 0

摘要

本文评估了20世纪50年代工会力量鼎盛时期美国中西部工业地区劳工的政治有效性,这一时期和地点本应是劳工动员的成熟时期。通过比较关键的劳工选举中劳工和企业的动员和结果,我发现政治家和商业团体经常成功地说服工业团体投票反对劳工的利益,而工会则努力摆脱局外人和贪婪的特殊利益的标签。为了理解劳工的好坏参半的表现,我借鉴了社会运动理论以及工会动员、反运动组织和劳工问题框架的相互关联的本质。劳工在面对组织良好的商业反运动时进行了斗争,这有效地将工会标签武装化了。工会的成功部分取决于他们淡化工会身份的能力,以及让其他更受尊敬的社区伙伴承担大部分面向公众的工作,但只有在面对分裂的反对意见时才会如此。调查结果指出了工会在鼎盛时期面临的重要弱点,并对战后劳资关系提出了更微妙的看法。他们还通过确定反运动和联盟在塑造运动可以传达什么和什么将产生共鸣方面的重要作用,扩展了社会运动研究的框架。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Running From the Union Label? Labor and Business Political Mobilization in the Golden Age
This paper assesses labor's political effectiveness in the industrial Midwest at the peak of union strength during the 1950s—a time and place that should have been ripe for labor mobilization. Comparing labor and business mobilization and outcomes across key labor elections, I find that politicians and business groups were often successful in persuading industrial communities to vote against labor's interests while unions struggled to shed outsider and greedy special interest labels. To make sense of labor's mixed performance, I draw on social movement theory and the inter-related nature of union mobilization, countermovement organization, and the framing of labor issues. Labor struggled when facing a well-organized business countermovement, which effectively weaponized the union label against labor. Union success hinged in part on their ability to downplay union identity and to have other more respected community partners do much of the public-facing work, but only when facing a fractured opposition. The findings point to important vulnerabilities unions faced at their peak and suggest a more nuanced view of postwar labor relations. They also extend social movement research on framing by identifying the important role of countermovements and coalitions in shaping what movements can convey and what will resonate.
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来源期刊
CiteScore
5.90
自引率
24.10%
发文量
21
期刊介绍: For over 30 years, Work and Occupations has published rigorous social science research on the human dynamics of the workplace, employment, and society from an international, interdisciplinary perspective. Work and Occupations provides you with a broad perspective on the workplace, examining international approaches to work-related issues as well as insights from scholars in a variety of fields, including: anthropology, demography, education, government administration, history, industrial relations, labour economics, management, psychology, and sociology. In addition to regular features including research notes, review essays, and book reviews.
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