On-chip test comparison for protecting confidential data in secure ICs

Hardware implementations of secure applications, e.g. cryptographic algorithms, are subject to various attacks. In particular, it has been demonstrated that scan chains introduced by Design for Testability open a backdoor to potential attacks. In this paper we propose a scan protection scheme that provides testing facilities both at production time and during the circuit's lifetime. The underlying principle is to scan-in both input vectors and expected responses, and to perform the comparison between expected and actual responses within the circuit. Compared to regular scan test, this technique has no impact on test quality and no impact on diagnostic of modeled faults. It entails a negligible area overhead and it avoids the use of an authentication test mechanism.