A review of dipole models for correlating emission measurements made at various EMC test facilities

In this paper we review dipole models for correlating measurements made at various electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) test facilities. We present expressions for the maximum received voltage (at some measurement port) generated by a dipole radiator placed in free-space, an ideal half-space environment, a transmission line, and an over-moded cavity. These different environments correspond to commonly used EMC test facilities, namely, a fully anechoic chamber (FAC), an open area test site (OATS) or a semi-anechoic chamber (SAC), a transverse electromagnetic (TEM) cell or stripline, and a reverberation chamber. These dipole models can then be used as the basis for correlating between emission measurements made at different facility types. Most of these expressions have appeared in previous publications. The purpose of this paper is to present these results in a review having consistent terminology and notation.