蜂王群体的定性和定量组成及嫁接幼虫数量对蜂王体重的影响

Mykola Voinalovych, V. Brovarskiy, Ihor Golovetskyi
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引用次数: 0

摘要

该研究的相关性取决于在培育蜂王时确定育后群体中嫁接幼虫的最佳数量的实际需要。本研究的目的是探讨蜂群中蜜蜂和幼虫的定性和定量组成对蜂王幼虫的接受和被饲养的蜂王体重的影响。本研究以中国蜜蜂品种(Apis mellifera sossimai)为研究对象。为了完成任务集,分别组成三个蜂群的对照组和实验组。对照组与试验组的差异在于蜜蜂的年龄比不同,以及开放和封闭的巢的数量不同。在每组蜂群中,每隔5天交替嫁接30、40、50、60只幼虫,通过计算蜜蜂喂养的幼虫数量和蜂王出的幼虫数量来确定它们的接受率、蜂王的产量和体重,并在离开蜂王细胞后的头4小时内在实验室秤上测量蜂王的体重。共饲养和研究了862只蜂王。在研究过程中发现,在实验组的菌落中,嫁接30 ~ 40只幼虫,受精率分别为88.1-86.2%。对嫁接一定数量幼虫后获得的蜂王体重指标进行分析,发现其体重指标为195.0 ~ 197.3 mg,与对照组相应指标无显著差异。然而,随着50只幼虫的实验组蜂群的后续负荷,其接受率占18.2%,蜂王的体重比对照组的类似指标高出10%。值得注意的是,对照组蜂王的平均体重为176.3 mg,比品种标准规定的不育蜂王体重要求低8.7 mg。当同时嫁接的幼虫数量进一步增加到60个单位时,实验组的入巢率下降了5%,达到80.5%。与此同时,对照组幼虫接受量和蚁后体重均降至不可接受水平,分别为67.5%和172.4 mg。因此,通过增加育后蜂群中护理蜂的数量和减少开放式育雏的数量,为培育高质量的蜂王创造了更好的条件,从而使同时嫁接的幼虫比传统方法多48%。研究结果对改进蜂王人工繁殖过程中建立蜂群的方法具有实用价值
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Influence of the qualitative and quantitative composition of the queen-rearing colony and the number of grafted larvae on the weight of queen bees
The relevance of the study is conditioned by the practical need to determine the optimal number of grafted larvae in the queen-rearing colony when breeding queen bees. The purpose of the study was to investigate the influence of the qualitative and quantitative composition of bees and brood in the queen-rearing colony on the reception of queen larvae and the weight of reared queen bees. The study was conducted using bees of breed Apis mellifera sossimai. To complete the tasks set, control and experimental groups of three bee colonies each were formed. The difference between the control and experimental groups was the different age ratios of bees and the number of open and sealed broods. In each group of colonies, 30, 40, 50, 60 larvae were alternately grafted at a time with an interval of 5 days, the percentage of their reception, the output of queens and their weight were determined by counting the number of larvae that the bees fed and from which the queens came out, and the weight of queens was determined on laboratory scales during the first four hours after leaving the queen cell. A total of 862 queen bees were bred and studied. During the research, it was found that in the colonies of the experimental group, if they were grafted from 30 to 40 larvae, the percentage of their reception was 88.1-86.2%, respectively. Analysing the weight indicators of queens obtained with a given number of grafted larvae, it was found that it was 195.0-197.3 mg, there was no significant difference with the corresponding indicators of the control group. However, with the subsequent loading of queen-rearing colonies in the experimental group with 50 larvae, the percentage of their reception prevailed by 18.2%, and the weight of queens exceeded similar indicators of the control group by 10%. Notably, the average weight of queens in the control group was 176.3 mg, which is 8.7 mg less than the requirements for the weight of infertile queens established by the breed standard. With a further increase in simultaneously grafted larvae in the queen-rearing colony to 60 units, the rate of their admission in the experimental group decreased by 5% and amounted to 80.5%. At the same time, in the control group, larval reception and queen weight decreased to unacceptable levels and amounted to 67.5% and 172.4 mg, respectively. Therefore, by increasing the number of nurse bees and reducing the number of open brood in the queen-rearing colony, better conditions are created for growing high-quality queen bees, which, in turn, allows simultaneously grafting 48% more larvae compared to the conventional method. The results of the study are of practical value for improving the methods of establishing queen-rearing colonies during the artificial breeding of queen bees
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