Projection domain processing for low-dose CT reconstruction based on subspace identification.

Purpose: Low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) has promising potential for dose reduction in medical applications, while suffering from low image quality caused by noise. Therefore, it is in urgent need for developing new algorithms to obtain high-quality images for LDCT.

Methods: This study tries to exploit the sparse and low-rank properties of images and proposes a new algorithm based on subspace identification. The collection of transmission data is sparsely represented by singular value decomposition and the eigen-images are then denoised by block-matching frames. Then, the projection is regularized by the correlation information under the frame of prior image compressed sensing (PICCS). With the application of a typical analytical algorithm on the processed projection, the target images are obtained. Both numerical simulations and real data verifications are carried out to test the proposed algorithm. The numerical simulations data is obtained based on real clinical scanning three-dimensional data and the real data is obtained by scanning experimental head phantom.

Results: In simulation experiment, using new algorithm boots the means of PSNR and SSIM by 1 dB and 0.05, respectively, compared with BM3D under the Gaussian noise with variance 0.04. Meanwhile, on the real data, the proposed algorithm exhibits superiority over compared algorithms in terms of noise suppression, detail preservation and computational overhead. The means of PSNR and SSIM are improved by 1.84 dB and 0.1, respectively, compared with BM3D under the Gaussian noise with variance 0.04.

Conclusion: This study demonstrates the feasibility and advantages of a new algorithm based on subspace identification for LDCT. It exploits the similarity among three-dimensional data to improve the image quality in a concise way and shows a promising potential on future clinical diagnosis.