角膜巩膜后缘:结构、干细胞和临床意义。

IF 18.6 1区 医学 Q1 OPHTHALMOLOGY
Gary Hin-Fai Yam , Shaohua Pi , Yiqin Du , Jodhbir S. Mehta
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引用次数: 0

摘要

角膜缘是从角膜到结膜和巩膜的过渡。在人眼中,这种薄条具有丰富的组织结构和成分变化,代表了从巩膜不规则和不透明到角膜规则和透明的变化;从血管丰富的结膜和巩膜到无血管角膜的变化;房水的神经通道和引流。角膜缘基质富含平行于角膜周长的圆形纤维,在吸收小的压力变化以保持角膜曲率和折射率方面发挥着独特的作用。它包含特定的小生境,容纳不同类型的干细胞,用于角膜上皮、基质角膜细胞、角膜内皮和小梁网。这确实反映了角膜缘在眼部生理学中的重要作用,角膜缘功能对角膜健康和整个视觉系统至关重要。由于包含角膜缘上皮结构和角膜缘上皮干细胞的前角膜缘已被广泛综述,本文主要关注后角膜缘。我们讨论了角膜缘上皮下区域的结构组织和细胞成分,干细胞类型的特征:即角膜基质干细胞、内皮祖细胞和小梁网干细胞,以及最近的进展导致潜在的细胞治疗选择的出现,以补充它们各自的成熟细胞类型并纠正引起角膜异常的缺陷。我们回顾了与角膜后缘缺损相关的不同临床疾病,并总结了有关角膜疾病细胞治疗发展主题的可用临床前和临床证据。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Posterior corneoscleral limbus: Architecture, stem cells, and clinical implications

The limbus is a transition from the cornea to conjunctiva and sclera. In human eyes, this thin strip has a rich variation of tissue structures and composition, typifying a change from scleral irregularity and opacity to corneal regularity and transparency; a variation from richly vascularized conjunctiva and sclera to avascular cornea; the neural passage and drainage of aqueous humor. The limbal stroma is enriched with circular fibres running parallel to the corneal circumference, giving its unique role in absorbing small pressure changes to maintain corneal curvature and refractivity. It contains specific niches housing different types of stem cells for the corneal epithelium, stromal keratocytes, corneal endothelium, and trabecular meshwork. This truly reflects the important roles of the limbus in ocular physiology, and the limbal functionality is crucial for corneal health and the entire visual system. Since the anterior limbus containing epithelial structures and limbal epithelial stem cells has been extensively reviewed, this article is focused on the posterior limbus. We have discussed the structural organization and cellular components of the region beneath the limbal epithelium, the characteristics of stem cell types: namely corneal stromal stem cells, endothelial progenitors and trabecular meshwork stem cells, and recent advances leading to the emergence of potential cell therapy options to replenish their respective mature cell types and to correct defects causing corneal abnormalities. We have reviewed different clinical disorders associated with defects of the posterior limbus and summarized the available preclinical and clinical evidence about the developing topic of cell-based therapy for corneal disorders.

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来源期刊
CiteScore
34.10
自引率
5.10%
发文量
78
期刊介绍: Progress in Retinal and Eye Research is a Reviews-only journal. By invitation, leading experts write on basic and clinical aspects of the eye in a style appealing to molecular biologists, neuroscientists and physiologists, as well as to vision researchers and ophthalmologists. The journal covers all aspects of eye research, including topics pertaining to the retina and pigment epithelial layer, cornea, tears, lacrimal glands, aqueous humour, iris, ciliary body, trabeculum, lens, vitreous humour and diseases such as dry-eye, inflammation, keratoconus, corneal dystrophy, glaucoma and cataract.
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