体内模型研究神经发生和相关的神经发育障碍-小头畸形和自闭症谱系障碍。

IF 4.6 3区 医学 Q2 MEDICINE, RESEARCH & EXPERIMENTAL
Tuhina Prasad, Sharada Iyer, Sayoni Chatterjee, Megha Kumar
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引用次数: 0

摘要

中枢神经系统的发生和功能是胚胎发生中最复杂和最有趣的方面之一。人类中枢神经系统发育领域的一大空白是在胚胎和胎儿发育期间缺乏对人脑的直接观察。因此,必须建立替代动物模型,以深入了解神经发育,神经回路的建立及其功能的机制。神经发育事件,如神经规范、分化以及神经元和非神经元细胞类型的产生,已经通过各种动物模型和来源于人类细胞的体外模型系统进行了全面研究。在动物模型上的实验揭示了神经发生、神经网络形成和功能的新机制。因此,这些模型是了解胚胎发育过程中畸变引起的神经发育障碍(ndd)分子基础的不可或缺的工具。在此,我们回顾了果蝇、斑马鱼、青蛙、小鼠和非人灵长类动物等体内模型的光谱,以研究神经发生和小头畸形和自闭症谱系障碍等ndd。我们还讨论了非传统的模型,如海鞘,以及在研究人类ndd的神经发生、疾病机制和病理生理方面的最新技术进展。本文分类如下:癌症>干细胞和发育先天性疾病>干细胞和发育神经系统疾病>干细胞和发育先天性疾病>遗传学/基因组学/表观遗传学。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
In vivo models to study neurogenesis and associated neurodevelopmental disorders-Microcephaly and autism spectrum disorder.

The genesis and functioning of the central nervous system are one of the most intricate and intriguing aspects of embryogenesis. The big lacuna in the field of human CNS development is the lack of accessibility of the human brain for direct observation during embryonic and fetal development. Thus, it is imperative to establish alternative animal models to gain deep mechanistic insights into neurodevelopment, establishment of neural circuitry, and its function. Neurodevelopmental events such as neural specification, differentiation, and generation of neuronal and non-neuronal cell types have been comprehensively studied using a variety of animal models and in vitro model systems derived from human cells. The experimentations on animal models have revealed novel, mechanistic insights into neurogenesis, formation of neural networks, and function. The models, thus serve as indispensable tools to understand the molecular basis of neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) arising from aberrations during embryonic development. Here, we review the spectrum of in vivo models such as fruitfly, zebrafish, frog, mice, and nonhuman primates to study neurogenesis and NDDs like microcephaly and Autism Spectrum Disorder. We also discuss nonconventional models such as ascidians and the recent technological advances in the field to study neurogenesis, disease mechanisms, and pathophysiology of human NDDs. This article is categorized under: Cancer > Stem Cells and Development Congenital Diseases > Stem Cells and Development Neurological Diseases > Stem Cells and Development Congenital Diseases > Genetics/Genomics/Epigenetics.

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来源期刊
WIREs Mechanisms of Disease
WIREs Mechanisms of Disease MEDICINE, RESEARCH & EXPERIMENTAL-
CiteScore
11.40
自引率
0.00%
发文量
45
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