Challenges and Opportunities of Milk Production in Urban Dairy Farms in Ethiopia: A Review

Nibo Beneberu
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引用次数: 1

Abstract

Ethiopia is one of the developing countries in Africa with a huge livestock population. The huge and diverse cattle populations, diverse and favorable agro-ecology for dairying, long-standing culture of dairy products consumption, increasing demand for dairy products in urban areas, potential of dairying in the country and favorable policy are indicators of dairy production. However, the production and productivity of dairy animals in general is insufficient and this results in short supply of dairy products. The main objective of this review paper is to assess the major challenges and opportunities of milk production in urban dairy farms in Ethiopia. Urban dairy farming is emerging as an important component of the milk production system based on cross breed dairy stock and purchased conserved feeds. Urban milk farming system is concentrated in and around major cities, and towns characterized by a high demand for milk and milk products. The challenges for dairying vary from one location to another or from one production system to another production system. These challenges can be technical like genotype related constraints and reproductive wastage, shortage of animal feed and water resources, shortage of land, animal health problems and non-technical constraints like institutional challenges such as inadequate extension and training services, limited availability of credit to the dairy farmer, absence of operational breeding strategy and policy, waste disposal, limited access and high cost of dairy heifers/cows. The opportunities of milk production in urban dairy farms in Ethiopia such as livestock genetic resources and production system, accesses to services, indigenous knowledge, demand for consumption of milk and milk products and income generation and employment opportunity. Dairying is constitutes an important part of the Ethiopian urban dairy sector, a careful planning of dairy policy, technical and institutional intervention and establishment of dairy processing industries are required for the generation of appropriate and demand driven technologies in order to attain sustainable dairy farm development. Keywords : agro-ecology, cattle, challenges, feed, genotype, milk production, opportunities, Urban DOI: 10.7176/FSQM/102-02 Publication date: November 30 th 2020
埃塞俄比亚城市奶牛场牛奶生产的挑战与机遇:综述
埃塞俄比亚是非洲发展中国家之一,牲畜数量庞大。庞大而多样的牛群、多样而有利的乳制品农业生态、悠久的乳制品消费文化、城市地区对乳制品的需求不断增加、国家乳制品的潜力以及有利的政策都是乳制品生产的指标。然而,奶牛的产量和生产力普遍不足,这导致乳制品供应短缺。这篇综述论文的主要目的是评估埃塞俄比亚城市奶牛场牛奶生产的主要挑战和机遇。城市奶牛养殖正在成为基于杂交奶牛库存和购买的保存饲料的牛奶生产系统的重要组成部分。城市奶农系统集中在主要城市及其周围,以对牛奶和奶制品的高需求为特征的城镇。奶业面临的挑战因地而异,或因生产系统而异。这些挑战可以是技术性的,如与基因型相关的限制和生殖浪费、动物饲料和水资源短缺、土地短缺、动物健康问题;也可以是非技术性的限制,如体制挑战,如推广和培训服务不足、向奶农提供的信贷有限、缺乏可操作的育种战略和政策、废物处理、奶牛获取途径有限和成本高。埃塞俄比亚城市奶牛场的牛奶生产机会,如牲畜遗传资源和生产系统、获得服务、土著知识、牛奶和奶制品消费需求以及创收和就业机会。乳业是埃塞俄比亚城市乳制品部门的重要组成部分,为了实现可持续的奶牛场发展,需要仔细规划乳制品政策、技术和体制干预以及建立乳制品加工工业,以产生适当的需求驱动技术。关键词:农业生态,牛,挑战,饲料,基因型,产奶量,机遇,城市DOI: 10.7176/FSQM/102-02出版日期:2020年11月30日
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