A systematic review of premorbid cognitive functioning and its timing of onset in schizophrenia spectrum disorders

IF 2.3 Q2 PSYCHIATRY
Caroline Ranem Mohn-Haugen , Christine Mohn , Frank Larøi , Charlotte M. Teigset , Merete Glenne Øie , Bjørn Rishovd Rund
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引用次数: 12

Abstract

Cognitive impairments are core features of established schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSD). However, it remains unclear whether specific cognitive functions are differentially impaired pre-onset and at what age these impairments can be detected. The purpose of this review was to elucidate these issues through a systematic summary of results from longitudinal studies investigating impairment in specific cognitive domains as antecedents of SSD.

Relevant studies were identified by electronic and manual literature searches and included any original study of cognitive domains any time pre-onset of SSDs that included a control group. Effect sizes were calculated by domain for studies comparing high-risk participants who developed SSD with those who did not.

The strongest evidence for impairment pre-onset was for mental processing speed, verbal learning and memory, executive function, and social cognition. Some verbal impairments, like language abilities at age 3 and verbal learning and memory at age 7, may develop as static deficits. Conversely, some non-verbal impairments, like mental processing speed, visuospatial abilities, and visual working memory manifest as developmental lag and become significant later in life. Most effect sizes were small to moderate, except for verbal fluency (d′ = 0,85), implying this impairment as central in high-risk participants who develop SSD.

The present review documents extensive cognitive impairments pre-onset of SSD, and that these impairments start early in life, in line with the neurodevelopmental hypothesis of schizophrenia. Increased knowledge about cognitive impairments preonset can provide a better basis for understanding the complex pathogenesis of SSD as well as informing cognitive remediation programs.

精神分裂症谱系障碍发病前认知功能及其发病时间的系统回顾
认知障碍是精神分裂症谱系障碍(SSD)的核心特征。然而,目前尚不清楚特定的认知功能是否在发病前受到不同程度的损害,以及在什么年龄可以检测到这些损害。本综述的目的是通过系统总结纵向研究的结果来阐明这些问题,这些研究调查了特定认知领域的损伤作为SSD的前因。相关研究是通过电子和手工文献检索确定的,包括任何原始的认知领域的研究,任何时间的ssd发病前,包括一个对照组。对于比较高风险受试者发生SSD与未发生SSD的研究,效应量按域计算。发病前最有力的证据是心理处理速度、语言学习和记忆、执行功能和社会认知。一些语言障碍,如3岁时的语言能力和7岁时的语言学习和记忆,可能会发展为静态缺陷。相反,一些非语言障碍,如心理处理速度、视觉空间能力和视觉工作记忆,表现为发展滞后,并在以后的生活中变得明显。除了语言流畅性(d ' = 0.85)外,大多数效应量都是小到中等的,这意味着这种损伤在发展为SSD的高风险参与者中是中心的。目前的综述表明,SSD发病前存在广泛的认知障碍,并且这些障碍在生命早期就开始了,这与精神分裂症的神经发育假说一致。认知障碍发病前知识的增加可以为理解SSD的复杂发病机制以及告知认知补救方案提供更好的基础。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
5.60
自引率
10.70%
发文量
54
审稿时长
67 days
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