A Model-Based Battery Charging Optimization Framework for Proper Trade-offs Between Time and Degradation

IF 4.8 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC

Automotive Innovation Pub Date : 2023-05-30 DOI:10.1007/s42154-023-00221-8

Sean Appleton, Abbas Fotouhi

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Abstract

This study aims at developing an optimization framework for electric vehicle charging by considering different trade-offs between battery degradation and charging time. For the first time, the application of practical limitations on charging and cooling power is considered along with more detailed health models. Lithium iron phosphate battery is used as a case study to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed optimization framework. A coupled electro-thermal equivalent circuit model is used along with two battery health models to mathematically obtain optimal charging current profiles by considering stress factors of state-of-charge, charging rate, temperature and time. The optimization results demonstrate an improvement over the benchmark constant current–constant voltage (CCCV) charging protocol when considering both the charging time and battery health. A main difference between the optimal and the CCCV charging protocols is found to be an additional ability to apply constraints and adapt to initial conditions in the proposed optimal charging protocol. In a case study, for example, the ‘optimal time’ charging is found to take 12 min while the ‘optimal health’ charging profile suggests around 100 min for charging the battery from 25 to 75% state-of-charge. Any other trade-off between those two extreme cases is achievable using the proposed charging protocol as well.

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一种基于模型的电池充电优化框架，用于时间与退化之间的合理权衡

本研究旨在通过考虑电池退化和充电时间之间的不同权衡，开发电动汽车充电的优化框架。首次考虑了充电和冷却功率的实际限制，以及更详细的健康模型。以磷酸铁锂电池为例，验证了所提优化框架的有效性。耦合电热等效电路模型与两个电池健康模型一起使用，通过考虑充电状态、充电速率、温度和时间的应力因素，从数学上获得最佳充电电流分布。优化结果表明，在考虑充电时间和电池健康状况的情况下，与基准恒流-恒压（CCCV）充电协议相比有所改进。最优充电协议和CCCV充电协议之间的主要区别在于在所提出的最优充电协议中应用约束和适应初始条件的附加能力。例如，在一项案例研究中，发现“最佳时间”充电需要12分钟，而“最佳健康”充电曲线表明，从25%充电到75%充电大约需要100分钟。使用所提出的充电协议也可以实现这两种极端情况之间的任何其他权衡。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Automotive Innovation Engineering-Automotive Engineering

CiteScore

8.50

自引率

4.90%

发文量

期刊介绍： Automotive Innovation is dedicated to the publication of innovative findings in the automotive field as well as other related disciplines, covering the principles, methodologies, theoretical studies, experimental studies, product engineering and engineering application. The main topics include but are not limited to: energy-saving, electrification, intelligent and connected, new energy vehicle, safety and lightweight technologies. The journal presents the latest trend and advances of automotive technology.