Adding insult to injury: Illegitimate stressors and their association with situational well-being, social self-esteem, and desire for revenge

IF 5.6 2区 心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, APPLIED
N. Semmer, N. Jacobshagen, Anita C. Keller, Laurenz L. Meier
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引用次数: 16

Abstract

ABSTRACT Implying an offense to self, appraising a stressor as indicating a lack of consideration by others should have effects beyond its stressfulness per se. In Stress-as-Offense-to-Self theory (SOS), such stressors are called “illegitimate stressors.” We assessed situations appraised as stressful in two diary studies (N1  = 117, N2  = 137). Outcome variables were feelings of resentment in both studies, plus nervousness, anxiety, and sadness in Study 1 and depressive mood, threat to social self-esteem, and desire for revenge in Study 2. Controlling for stressfulness, perceived illegitimacy predicted affective reactions that are outward-directed (feelings of resentment [Studies 1 and 2], threat to social self-esteem and desire for revenge [Study 2]); it also predicted sadness in Study 1 but not depressive mood in Study 2, nor nervousness (Study 1). Thus, not all hypotheses were confirmed but the pattern was as expected, in that results were consistent regarding outcomes typically associated with the attribution of blame. The independent contribution of perceived illegitimacy aligns well with the underlying Stress-as-Offense-to-Self theory. Practical implications refer to efforts to avoid illegitimate stressors, for instance by perspective-taking, by showing appreciation and support, and by supporting such behaviours through keeping stressors in general at a manageable level.
雪上加霜:非法的压力源及其与情境幸福感、社会自尊和复仇欲望的关系
将压力源评价为他人缺乏考虑,暗示对自己的冒犯,其影响应超出其本身的压力。在压力即自我冒犯理论(SOS)中,这种压力源被称为“非法压力源”。我们评估了两项日记研究中被评价为压力的情况(N1 = 117, N2 = 137)。结果变量是两项研究中的怨恨情绪,加上研究1中的紧张、焦虑和悲伤,以及研究2中的抑郁情绪、对社会自尊的威胁和复仇欲望。控制压力,感知到的私生子预测的情感反应是外向的(怨恨的感觉[研究1和2],对社会自尊的威胁和报复的欲望[研究2]);它也预测了研究1中的悲伤情绪,但在研究2中没有预测抑郁情绪,也没有预测紧张情绪(研究1)。因此,并非所有的假设都得到了证实,但模式与预期的一样,因为结果与通常与归因有关的结果是一致的。感知到的非法行为的独立贡献与潜在的压力作为对自我的冒犯理论是一致的。实际含义指的是努力避免不合理的压力源,例如,通过换位思考,通过表示赞赏和支持,以及通过将压力源保持在可管理的水平来支持这种行为。
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来源期刊
Work and Stress
Work and Stress PSYCHOLOGY, APPLIED-
CiteScore
11.70
自引率
3.30%
发文量
21
期刊介绍: Work & Stress is an international, multidisciplinary quarterly presenting high-quality papers concerned with the psychological, social and organizational aspects of occupational health and well-being, and stress and safety management. It is published in association with the European Academy of Occupational Health Psychology. The journal publishes empirical reports, scholarly reviews and theoretical papers. It is directed at occupational health psychologists, work and organizational psychologists, those involved with organizational development, and all concerned with the interplay of work, health and organisations. Research published in Work & Stress relates psychologically salient features of the work environment to their psychological, behavioural and health consequences, focusing on the underlying psychological processes. The journal has become a natural home for research on the work-family interface, social relations at work (including topics such as bullying and conflict at work, leadership and organizational support), workplace interventions and reorganizations, and dimensions and outcomes of worker stress and well-being. Such dimensions and outcomes, both positive and negative, include stress, burnout, sickness absence, work motivation, work engagement and work performance. Of course, submissions addressing other topics in occupational health psychology are also welcomed.
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