Murray, J., & Schwartz, M. (2019). Wrecked: How the American Auto Industry Destroyed Its Capacity to Compete.

IF 4.4 2区 社会学 Q1 INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS & LABOR
M. Dixon
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Why did the U.S. auto industry crumble while its Japanese competitors rose and remained strong? Conventional wisdom points to the excessive demands made by U.S. workers and the United Auto Workers union. Class conflict is also at the forefront of Joshua Murray and Michael Schwartz’ new book Wrecked, but not in terms of U.S. workers resisting givebacks in the 1980s. Instead, they place the blame at management’s feet and go back much further to document the incredible innovation in the industry prior to World War II and where it went wrong. The history is fascinating. The argument is provocative, and the problem remains timely. Wrecked is worth the read. Labor itself is found wanting as an explanation of the Big Three’s (Ford, GM, and Chrysler) dramatic slide in the late twentieth century. Labor costs accounted for just a quarter of the price advantage for Japanese vehicles during their rise in the 1980s. Most of it stemmed from the benefits of flexible or lean production. As perfected by Toyota, this includes flexible machinery, just-in-time delivery, and long-term supplier relationships based on trust. It also requires significant buy-in from workers. Together this fosters innovation by allowing for more trial and error experimentation—often with the involvement of production workers—and the introduction of new parts in a cost-effective manner. Notably, Murray and Schwartz show that U.S. producers were not averse to flexible production and indeed utilized it before Toyota, who drew from the U.S. model. GM’s Chevrolet pioneered the use of Book Reviews
Murray,J.和Schwartz,M.(2019)。崩溃:美国汽车工业如何摧毁其竞争能力。
为什么美国汽车业崩溃了,而日本竞争对手却崛起并保持强大?传统观点认为,美国工人和美国汽车工人联合会提出了过高的要求。Joshua Murray和Michael Schwartz的新书《崩溃》中也提到了阶级冲突,但在20世纪80年代美国工人抵制回馈方面却没有。相反,他们将责任归咎于管理层,并追溯到二战前该行业令人难以置信的创新以及哪里出了问题。历史引人入胜。这一论点具有挑衅性,问题仍然及时。《摔跤》值得一读。劳工本身被认为是对二十世纪末三巨头(福特、通用和克莱斯勒)急剧下滑的一种解释。在20世纪80年代日本汽车价格上涨期间,劳动力成本仅占价格优势的四分之一。其中大部分源于灵活或精益生产带来的好处。正如丰田所完善的那样,这包括灵活的机械、及时交货和基于信任的长期供应商关系。它还需要工人的大力支持。这共同促进了创新,允许进行更多的试错实验——通常有生产工人的参与——并以成本效益高的方式引入新零件。值得注意的是,Murray和Schwartz表明,美国生产商并不反对灵活生产,而且确实在丰田之前就使用了这种生产方式,丰田借鉴了美国车型。通用汽车的雪佛兰率先使用书评
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来源期刊
CiteScore
5.90
自引率
24.10%
发文量
21
期刊介绍: For over 30 years, Work and Occupations has published rigorous social science research on the human dynamics of the workplace, employment, and society from an international, interdisciplinary perspective. Work and Occupations provides you with a broad perspective on the workplace, examining international approaches to work-related issues as well as insights from scholars in a variety of fields, including: anthropology, demography, education, government administration, history, industrial relations, labour economics, management, psychology, and sociology. In addition to regular features including research notes, review essays, and book reviews.
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