A PERMANÊNCIA DAS DESIGUALDADES DE SEXO NA FORMAÇÃO DE TÉCNICOS DE NÍVEL MÉDIO NO BRASIL

Abstract

RESUMOO artigo analisa a participacao de mulheres em cursos tecnicos de nivel medio no Brasil a partir de estatisticas educacionais extraidas do Censo Escolar MEC/INEP (2011-2013). Parte-se do pressuposto de que no Brasil as barreiras juridicas e politicas que impediam as mulheres de frequentarem cursos profissionalizantes ou mesmo de se escolarizar ja nao sao a causa da desigual participacao de ambos os sexos em cursos tecnicos de nivel medio como mecânica, mecatronica, eletroeletronica, etc. A profissionalizacao esta aberta juridicamente a “livre escolha” dos individuos e muito ja se avancou quanto a escolarizacao das mulheres no ensino tecnico, principalmente nas ultimas quatro decadas. No entanto, a baixa frequencia de mulheres em cursos tradicionais permanece e mostra a latencia da desigualdade de sexo na formacao profissional. A analise dos dados extraidos do Censo Escolar mostra  a permanencia das desigualdades de sexo nos cursos tecnicos tradicionais (mecânica, eletroeletronica, etc.) e contribuem para a elaboracao de um quadro sobre a presenca das mulheres no ensino tecnico. As diferentes escolhas profissionais parecem ser orientadas pela posicao das distintas carreiras na hierarquia do trabalho, historicamente classificadas entre “femininas” e “masculinas” e estao relacionadas aos “papeis” que cada sexo assume na familia e na sociedade. ABSTRACTThe paper analyzes the participation of women in technical courses in Brazil using data from the official education statistics (School Census MEC/INEP – 2011-2013). The assumption was that the Brazilian legal and political barriers that usually difficult women to attend to professionalizing courses or to be educated are not actually the cause of the gender inequality found in technical courses such as mechanics, mechatronics, and electroelectronics. The professionalization is legally open for the “free choice” of individuals, and much has been achieved in relation to women’s education in technical courses, mainly in the last four decades. However, there is still a low frequency of women in these technical courses, which shows the latency of gender inequality in professional education. The analysis of the data from the School Census shows that gender inequality remains present nowadays in traditional technical courses (e.g., mechanics, mechatronics, and electroelectronics) and contributed to develop a picture on the presence of women in technical courses. Different professional choices are, in general, leaded by the different positions of professional careers in the world, which are historically classified as “feminine” and “masculine”, based on the “roles” of each gender in a family unit or in the society.