Long-Time Asymptotics for the Focusing Hirota Equation with Non-Zero Boundary Conditions at Infinity Via the Deift-Zhou Approach

Abstract

We are concerned with the long-time asymptotic behavior of the solution for the focusing Hirota equation (also called third-order nonlinear Schr?dinger equation) with symmetric, non-zero boundary conditions (NZBCs) at infinity. Firstly, based on the Lax pair with NZBCs, the direct and inverse scattering problems are used to establish the oscillatory Riemann-Hilbert (RH) problem with distinct jump curves. Secondly, the Deift-Zhou nonlinear steepest-descent method is employed to analyze the oscillatory RH problem such that the long-time asymptotic solutions are proposed in two distinct domains of space-time plane (i.e., the plane-wave and modulated elliptic-wave domains), respectively. Finally, the modulation instability of the considered Hirota equation is also investigated.