Chemical, biochemical and volatile profiles of saffron (Crocus sativus L.) from different growing areas of Morocco

JSFA reports Pub Date : 2023-04-19 DOI:10.1002/jsf2.114

Nadia Naim, Ibtissame Guirrou, Marie-Laure Fauconnier, Hanine Hafida, Abdessalem Tahiri, Ilham Madani, Rachid Lahlali, Said Ennahli

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Abstract

Background

The saffron (Crocus sativus L.) planted area and production increased in the past decade in Morocco. This crop has been extended to new regions beyond its original main area due to the shift in climate conditions. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the chemical characterization and the quality of saffron stigma samples collected from 11 different localities.

Results

According to the ISO3632 standard method, all samples were within the ISO36-32.2010 categorization range (category I and II) Contents of crocin responsible for color, picrocrocin responsible for taste, and safranal responsible for the aroma, showed significant differences between samples from different areas. The biochemical analysis revealed that samples from Boulmane (Serghina and El Mers) are rich in polyphenols (5.70 ± 0.34; 5.31 ± 0.004 mg GAE/g DW, respectively) and have an important antioxidant power (IC₅₀ for the DPPH: 231.12 ± 1.065; 236.77 ± 2109 respectively) compared to those from Taznakht and Taliouine known for their higher organoleptic quality. Interestingly, volatile profiling by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry identified the safranal, isophorone, ketoisophorone, ß-isophorone, and 1-4-cyclohexanedione, 2,2,6-trimethyl as the main volatile compounds in saffron samples from different regions.

Conclusion

This study is the first to be conducted in Morocco on saffron newly cultivated in new regions (Boulmane, Azilal, and Ain Leuh) and showed the higher potential for growing saffron, thus promoting the adoption of saffron as a substitute crop for the socio-economic development in these new areas.

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摩洛哥不同种植区藏红花的化学、生化和挥发性特征

摩洛哥藏红花(Crocus sativus L.)的种植面积和产量在过去十年中有所增加。由于气候条件的变化，这种作物已扩展到其原有主要地区以外的新地区。因此，本研究旨在研究从11个不同产地采集的藏红花柱头样品的化学性质和质量。结果根据ISO3632标准方法，所有样品均在ISO36-32.2010分类范围内(I类和II类)。不同地区样品中负责色的藏红花素、负责味的微藏红花素和负责香的番红花素含量差异显著。生化分析表明，来自Boulmane (Serghina和El Mers)的样品富含多酚(5.70±0.34;5.31±0.004 mg GAE/g DW)，具有重要的抗氧化能力(对DPPH的IC50: 231.12±1.065;(分别为236.77±2109)，而以其较高的感官质量而闻名的塔兹纳赫特和塔利乌因地区。有趣的是，通过气相色谱-质谱分析发现，不同地区藏红花样品中的挥发性成分主要为藏红花醛、异佛罗酮、酮异佛罗酮、-异佛罗酮和1-4-环己二酮、2,2,6-三甲基。结论本研究首次在摩洛哥对新区域(Boulmane、Azilal和Ain Leuh)新栽培的藏红花进行了研究，显示出藏红花的较高种植潜力，从而促进了这些新区域采用藏红花作为替代作物促进社会经济发展。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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JSFA reports

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