How list composition affects the emotional enhancement of memory in younger and older adults.

IF 2.6 3区心理学 Q2 PSYCHOLOGY, EXPERIMENTAL

Cognition & Emotion Pub Date : 2025-02-01 Epub Date: 2023-10-16 DOI:10.1080/02699931.2023.2270202

Sandry M Garcia, Maureen Ritchey, Elizabeth A Kensinger

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Abstract

Young adults show an immediate emotional enhancement of memory (EEM) when emotional and non-emotional information are presented in mixed lists but not pure lists, but it is unclear whether older adults' memories also benefit from the cognitive factors producing the list-composition effect. The present study examined whether the list-composition effect extended to older adults (55+), testing the following alternatives: (1) younger and older adults could show the list-composition effect, (2) due to age-related decreases in cognitive resources, older adults may show weaker effects of list-composition, or (3) due to age-related positivity effects, older adults' list-composition effect may vary by valence. Results supported the first alternative: the list-composition effect occurred for older as well as younger adults, when testing memory for pictures (Experiment 1) or words (Experiment 2). In a third experiment, we explored whether mixing information at only encoding or retrieval (and blocking in the other phase) would suffice for the list composition effect to occur. Results revealed that mixed encoding/blocked retrieval did not elicit the EEM in either age group. Overall, the results suggest age-related stability in the cognitive processes that give rise to the immediate EEM.

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列表组成如何影响年轻人和老年人记忆的情感增强。

当情绪和非情绪信息以混合列表而非纯列表的形式呈现时，年轻人表现出即时的情绪记忆增强（EEM），但尚不清楚老年人的记忆是否也受益于产生列表合成效应的认知因素。本研究检验了列表组合效应是否扩展到老年人（55+），测试了以下替代方案：（1）年轻人和老年人可能表现出列表组合效应，（2）由于与年龄相关的认知资源减少，老年人可能显示出较弱的列表组合效应，老年人的列表组合效应可能因化合价而异。结果支持了第一种选择：在测试图片记忆（实验1）或单词记忆（实验2）时，列表合成效应发生在老年人和年轻人身上。在第三个实验中，我们探讨了仅在编码或检索时混合信息（以及在另一个阶段进行阻塞）是否足以产生列表组合效应。结果显示，混合编码/阻断检索在两个年龄组中都没有引发EEM。总的来说，研究结果表明，产生即时EEM的认知过程与年龄有关。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Cognition & Emotion PSYCHOLOGY, EXPERIMENTAL-

CiteScore

4.90

自引率

7.70%

发文量

期刊介绍： Cognition & Emotion is devoted to the study of emotion, especially to those aspects of emotion related to cognitive processes. The journal aims to bring together work on emotion undertaken by researchers in cognitive, social, clinical, and developmental psychology, neuropsychology, and cognitive science. Examples of topics appropriate for the journal include the role of cognitive processes in emotion elicitation, regulation, and expression; the impact of emotion on attention, memory, learning, motivation, judgements, and decisions.