Edible mushroom intake and risk of all-cause and cause-specific mortality: results from the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study (KoGES) Cohort†

Abstract

Mushroom is rich in protein, fiber, vitamins, and essential amino acids. A relationship between mushroom consumption and a lower all-cause mortality risk has been reported. This study aimed to examine the association of mushroom consumption with all-cause and cause-specific mortality. Data were extracted from the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study cohort. Mortality outcomes were confirmed from 2001–2020 death records provided by the Korea National Statistical Office. Mushroom intake was assessed using food frequency questionnaires and categorized into four groups: none, <1 serving per week, 1–3 servings per week, and ≥3 servings per week. Cox proportional hazard regression was used to calculate the hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for mortality. The 152 828 participants ≥40 years had a mean age of 53.7 years. Over a mean 11.6-year follow-up, 7085 deaths were recorded. In men, consuming <1 and 1–3 servings per week of mushroom was associated with lower risks of all-cause (HR = 0.858, 95% CI = 0.793–0.929; HR = 0.902, 95% CI = 0.819–0.993) and cardiovascular disease (CVD) (HR = 0.767, 95% CI = 0.632–0.930; HR = 0.762, 95% CI = 0.601–0.967) mortality than non-consumption. In women, consuming <1 and 1–3 servings per week of mushrooms was associated with a lower risk of all-cause mortality (HR = 0.864, 95% CI = 0.784–0.952; HR = 0.869, 95% CI = 0.771–0.980) than non-consumption. This prospective cohort study demonstrated that low and medium mushroom consumption is associated with a lower risk of all-cause mortality in men and women. However, only men who consumed <1 and 1–3 servings per week of mushrooms exhibited a lower risk of CVD mortality.