Leptin and brain–adipose crosstalks

IF 28.7 1区医学 Q1 NEUROSCIENCES

Nature Reviews Neuroscience Pub Date : 2018-02-16 DOI:10.1038/nrn.2018.7

Alexandre Caron, Syann Lee, Joel K. Elmquist, Laurent Gautron

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引用次数: 160

Abstract

The brain regulates adipose tissue metabolism through sympathetic efferent pathways; in turn, adipose tissues relay energy-status information to the brain. This Review gives an overview of interactions between the brain and adipose tissues, with a particular focus on leptin as a regulator of these communications. Interactions between the brain and distinct adipose depots have a key role in maintaining energy balance, thereby promoting survival in response to metabolic challenges such as cold exposure and starvation. Recently, there has been renewed interest in the specific central neuronal circuits that regulate adipose depots. Here, we review anatomical, genetic and pharmacological studies on the neural regulation of adipose function, including lipolysis, non-shivering thermogenesis, browning and leptin secretion. In particular, we emphasize the role of leptin-sensitive neurons and the sympathetic nervous system in modulating the activity of brown, white and beige adipose tissues. We provide an overview of advances in the understanding of the heterogeneity of the brain regulation of adipose tissues and offer a perspective on the challenges and paradoxes that the community is facing regarding the actions of leptin on this system.

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瘦素和脑脂肪串联体

大脑通过交感神经传出通路调节脂肪组织的新陈代谢；反过来，脂肪组织也将能量状态信息传递给大脑。本综述概述了大脑与脂肪组织之间的相互作用，并特别关注作为这些沟通调节器的瘦素。大脑与不同脂肪组织之间的相互作用在维持能量平衡方面起着关键作用，从而在应对寒冷暴露和饥饿等新陈代谢挑战时促进生存。最近，人们再次对调节脂肪贮积的特定中枢神经环路产生了兴趣。在此，我们回顾了有关神经调控脂肪功能的解剖学、遗传学和药理学研究，包括脂肪分解、非颤抖性产热、褐变和瘦素分泌。我们特别强调瘦素敏感神经元和交感神经系统在调节棕色、白色和米色脂肪组织活动中的作用。我们概述了在理解大脑对脂肪组织的异质性调控方面所取得的进展，并从一个视角探讨了社会各界在瘦素对这一系统的作用方面所面临的挑战和悖论。

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来源期刊

Nature Reviews Neuroscience NEUROSCIENCES-

自引率

0.60%

发文量

104

期刊介绍： Nature Reviews Neuroscience is a multidisciplinary journal that covers various fields within neuroscience, aiming to offer a comprehensive understanding of the structure and function of the central nervous system. Advances in molecular, developmental, and cognitive neuroscience, facilitated by powerful experimental techniques and theoretical approaches, have made enduring neurobiological questions more accessible. Nature Reviews Neuroscience serves as a reliable and accessible resource, addressing the breadth and depth of modern neuroscience. It acts as an authoritative and engaging reference for scientists interested in all aspects of neuroscience.