Weathering Patterns of Ignitable Liquids with the Advanced Distillation Curve Method.

IF 1.5 4区工程技术

Journal of Research of the National Institute of Standards and Technology Pub Date : 2013-01-17 eCollection Date: 2013-01-01 DOI:10.6028/jres.118.003

Thomas J Bruno, Samuel Allen

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Abstract

One can take advantage of the striking similarity of ignitable liquid vaporization (or weathering) patterns and the separation observed during distillation to predict the composition of residual compounds in fire debris. This is done with the advanced distillation curve (ADC) metrology, which separates a complex fluid by distillation into fractions that are sampled, and for which thermodynamically consistent temperatures are measured at atmospheric pressure. The collected sample fractions can be analyzed by any method that is appropriate. Analytical methods we have applied include gas chromatography (with flame ionization, mass spectrometric and sulfur chemiluminescence detection), thin layer chromatography, FTIR, Karl Fischer coulombic titrimetry, refractometry, corrosivity analysis, neutron activation analysis and cold neutron prompt gamma activation analysis. We have applied this method on product streams such as finished fuels (gasoline, diesel fuels, aviation fuels, rocket propellants), crude oils (including a crude oil made from swine manure) and waste oils streams (used automotive and transformer oils). In this paper, we present results on a variety of ignitable liquids that are not commodity fuels, chosen from the Ignitable Liquids Reference Collection (ILRC). These measurements are assembled into a preliminary database. From this selection, we discuss the significance and forensic application of the temperature data grid and the composition explicit data channel of the ADC.

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用高级蒸馏曲线法研究可燃液体的风化模式。

我们可以利用可燃液体汽化（或风化）模式与蒸馏过程中观察到的分离模式的惊人相似性，来预测火灾残骸中残留化合物的成分。先进的蒸馏曲线（ADC）计量法可以实现这一目的，它通过蒸馏将复杂的液体分离成取样馏分，并在大气压力下测量其热力学温度。收集到的样品馏分可以用任何合适的方法进行分析。我们采用的分析方法包括气相色谱法（火焰离子化、质谱和硫化学发光检测）、薄层色谱法、傅立叶变换红外光谱法、卡尔-费休库仑滴定法、折射法、腐蚀性分析法、中子活化分析法和冷中子瞬时伽马活化分析法。我们已将这种方法应用于成品燃料（汽油、柴油、航空燃料、火箭推进剂）、原油（包括一种由猪粪制成的原油）和废油（使用过的汽车油和变压器油）等产品流。在本文中，我们介绍了从可燃液体参考数据集 (ILRC) 中选择的各种非商品燃料可燃液体的测量结果。这些测量结果汇集成一个初步数据库。根据这一选择，我们讨论了温度数据网格和 ADC 成分显式数据通道的意义和取证应用。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Journal of Research of the National Institute of Standards and Technology Engineering-General Engineering

自引率

33.30%

发文量

期刊介绍： The Journal of Research of the National Institute of Standards and Technology is the flagship publication of the National Institute of Standards and Technology. It has been published under various titles and forms since 1904, with its roots as Scientific Papers issued as the Bulletin of the Bureau of Standards. In 1928, the Scientific Papers were combined with Technologic Papers, which reported results of investigations of material and methods of testing. This new publication was titled the Bureau of Standards Journal of Research. The Journal of Research of NIST reports NIST research and development in metrology and related fields of physical science, engineering, applied mathematics, statistics, biotechnology, information technology.