Executive Functioning in Preschoolers with ADHD: The Roles of Disruptive Behavior Disorders and Callous-Unemotional Behaviors.

IF 5.2 1区心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, CLINICAL

Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology Pub Date : 2026-10-16 DOI:10.1080/15374416.2026.2745071

Margaret E Johansson, Anthony Steven Dick, Paulo A Graziano

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Objective: To explore how comorbidities associated with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) during early childhood, such as disruptive behavior disorder (DBD) and/or the presence of callous-unemotional behaviors (CU), relate to executive functioning (EF).

Method: Participants were 323 young children (68.7% boys; M_age = 5.47, SD = 0.77, 81.1% Latinx) with ADHD (n = 46), ADHD+DBD (n = 129), and typically developing (TD; n = 148). Parent/teacher ratings of ADHD, DBD symptoms, and CU were collected at baseline along with a multimodal assessment of EF, including tasks and parent/teacher ratings.

Results: Univariate analyses of covariance (ANCOVAs) indicated that while children diagnosed with ADHD and ADHD+DBD have worse EF deficits than TD children (Cohen's d's range from 0.34-2.35), they do not differ from each other. Regression analyses showed that parent-/teacher-reported ADHD symptoms were most strongly associated with EF deficits (task-based and parent/teacher reports; β range from -0.43 to 1.00). CU also related to EF across two tasks and parent-/teacher-rated EF problems (β range -0.15 to 0.16).

Conclusions: Young children with ADHD have the most EF deficits, regardless of DBD comorbidity. The presence of CU does appear to contribute to worse EF, even when accounting for ADHD and DBD symptomology. Future work should examine whether longitudinal changes in CU (either through development or intervention) correspond to changes in EF.

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学龄前ADHD儿童的执行功能：破坏性行为障碍和冷酷无情行为的作用。

目的：探讨儿童早期与注意力缺陷/多动障碍（ADHD）相关的合共病，如破坏性行为障碍（DBD）和/或冷酷无情行为（CU）的存在，与执行功能（EF）的关系。方法：研究对象为323名患有ADHD （n = 46）、ADHD+DBD （n = 129）和典型发展（TD, n = 148）的幼儿（68.7%为男孩，Mage = 5.47, SD = 0.77, 81.1%为拉丁裔）。在基线时收集ADHD、DBD症状和CU的家长/老师评分，以及EF的多模式评估，包括任务和家长/老师评分。结果：单因素协方差分析（ANCOVAs）表明，虽然诊断为ADHD和ADHD+DBD的儿童比TD儿童有更严重的EF缺陷（Cohen's d's范围为0.34-2.35），但两者之间没有差异。回归分析显示，家长/老师报告的ADHD症状与EF缺陷最密切相关（基于任务和家长/老师报告；β范围为-0.43至1.00）。CU在两项任务和家长/老师评价的EF问题上也与EF相关（β范围为-0.15至0.16）。结论：无论是否伴有DBD合并症，患有ADHD的幼儿的EF缺陷最多。即使考虑到ADHD和DBD的症状，CU的存在似乎也会导致EF的恶化。未来的工作应该检查CU的纵向变化（通过发展或干预）是否与EF的变化相对应。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology Multiple-

CiteScore

9.70

自引率

4.80%

发文量

期刊介绍： The Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology (JCCAP) is the official journal for the Society of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, American Psychological Association. It publishes original contributions on the following topics: (a) the development and evaluation of assessment and intervention techniques for use with clinical child and adolescent populations; (b) the development and maintenance of clinical child and adolescent problems; (c) cross-cultural and sociodemographic issues that have a clear bearing on clinical child and adolescent psychology in terms of theory, research, or practice; and (d) training and professional practice in clinical child and adolescent psychology, as well as child advocacy.