Sleep and fatigue/energy bolt-ons for the EQ-5D-3L and EQ-5D-5L: a systematic review.

IF 6.2 2区医学 Q1 ECONOMICS

Value in Health Pub Date : 2026-10-16 DOI:10.1016/j.jval.2026.09.3128

Clement Cheuk-Wai Ng, Meixia Liao, Stevanus Pangestu, Nan Luo, Brendan Mulhern, Aureliano Paolo Finch, Jan Abel Olsen, Tessa Peasgood, Eliza Lai-Yi Wong, Fanni Rencz

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Objectives: This study systematically reviewed the development, use, psychometrics, and valuation of sleep and fatigue/energy bolt-ons for the EQ-5D-3L and EQ-5D-5L.

Methods: A systematic review was conducted based on key elements of the PRISMA 2020 guidelines. Searches on PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science, supplemented by citation tracking and manual Google Scholar and EuroQol conference searches, were used. Key study characteristics, bolt-on specifications, psychometric properties, and valuation evidence were summarized narratively.

Results: Twenty-one publications from 19 unique studies conducted in 19 countries were published between 1991 and 2025. Sleep and fatigue/energy bolt-ons were used together in 13 studies. Twelve distinct sleep and 14 fatigue/energy bolt-on versions have been developed, mostly in five-level formats (sleep=67%; fatigue/energy=71%). The development of 3 sleep and 5 fatigue/energy bolt-ons was supported by qualitative evidence. Quantitative evidence from 13 sleep and 13 fatigue/energy bolt-on studies revealed bolt-ons commonly reduced ceiling effects although not across all conditions (absolute reduction: sleep=0.3-30.0%, fatigue/energy=1.9-30.9%), showed good convergent validity with conceptually related external measures or their items/domains, and improved EQ VAS explanatory power (sleep=0.7-10.0%, fatigue/energy=0.1%-3.7%). Findings on known-group validity were heterogeneous across clinically relevant known-groups. Evidence on test-retest reliability (n=1) and responsiveness (n=3) was limited. Valuation evidence (n=5) regarding the impact of bolt-ons on preferences was scarce and inconclusive.

Conclusions: The development of sleep and fatigue/energy bolt-ons to date has lacked sufficient qualitative input, while some psychometric findings supported their added value to the EQ-5D. Future mixed-methods bolt-on development and refinement studies are needed for both constructs.

查看原文本刊更多论文

EQ-5D-3L和EQ-5D-5L的睡眠和疲劳/能量栓：一项系统综述。

目的：本研究系统地回顾了EQ-5D-3L和EQ-5D-5L的睡眠和疲劳/能量栓的发展、使用、心理测量学和评估。方法：基于PRISMA 2020指南的关键要素进行系统评价。在PubMed、Embase和Web of Science上进行检索，并辅以引文跟踪和手动谷歌Scholar和EuroQol会议检索。主要的研究特点，螺栓规格，心理测量性质和评估证据进行了叙述总结。结果：1991年至2025年间，在19个国家进行的19项独特研究发表了21篇论文。在13项研究中，睡眠和疲劳/能量捆绑在一起。已经开发了12种不同的睡眠和14种疲劳/能量附加版本，主要分为五个级别（睡眠=67%；疲劳/能量=71%）。3种睡眠和5种疲劳/能量螺栓的发展得到了定性证据的支持。来自13项睡眠和13项疲劳/能量补强研究的定量证据表明，补强通常会降低天花板效应，尽管不是在所有条件下（绝对降低：睡眠=0.3-30.0%，疲劳/能量=1.9-30.9%），与概念相关的外部测量或其项目/领域显示出良好的收敛效度，并提高了EQ VAS的解释力（睡眠=0.7-10.0%，疲劳/能量=0.1%-3.7%）。已知组效度在临床相关已知组间存在异质性。关于重测信度（n=1）和反应性（n=3）的证据有限。关于附注对偏好的影响的估值证据（n=5）是稀缺和不确定的。结论：迄今为止，睡眠和疲劳/能量锚点的发展缺乏足够的定性输入，而一些心理测量结果支持它们对EQ-5D的附加价值。未来需要对这两种结构进行混合方法的开发和改进研究。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Value in Health 医学-卫生保健

CiteScore

6.90

自引率

6.70%

发文量

3064

审稿时长

3-8 weeks

期刊介绍： Value in Health contains original research articles for pharmacoeconomics, health economics, and outcomes research (clinical, economic, and patient-reported outcomes/preference-based research), as well as conceptual and health policy articles that provide valuable information for health care decision-makers as well as the research community. As the official journal of ISPOR, Value in Health provides a forum for researchers, as well as health care decision-makers to translate outcomes research into health care decisions.