Controllable Superconductivity in Suspended NbSe 2

Abstract

Van der Waals (vdW) superconductors are highly tunable through strain and thermal fields. Local spatial control enables engineered quantum interference for on‐chip devices, but substrates prevent both selective deformation and heat isolation, limiting the resolution of strain and thermal control of superconductivity. Here, we show that suspended provides a platform in which superconductivity can be controlled through both local strain and enhanced local thermal response. We realize suspended devices in which electrostatically induced deformation modulates the critical temperature by up to 0.92 K (12.5% of ) and enables gate‐tunable superconducting critical currents. We further demonstrate spatially selective superconducting responses and configurable hysteretic transport, including multistability and negative differential resistance. These phenomena are explained by first‐principles calculations of strain‐dependent electron–phonon coupling together with time‐dependent Ginzburg–Landau simulations coupled to thermal diffusion. Our work establishes suspended vdW superconductors as a platform for electrically tunable superconducting devices and for thermal engineering of vortex dynamics, enabling quantum simulation of interacting vortex systems through spatially controlled thermal landscapes.