{"title":"Chemical Modifications of Mustard Oil for Industrial Bio-Lubricant Production: Comprehensive Characterization and Analysis","authors":"Amina Hamnas, Naja Hasoon, G. Unnikrishnan","doi":"10.1002/aocs.70103","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div>\n \n <p>This study presents a comprehensive approach for enhancing the oxidative stability of mustard oil-derived bio-lubricants through chemical modifications viz.; epoxidation and transesterification. The significance of this research lies in addressing the imperative need for sustainable alternatives to conventional lubricants, particularly in the automotive industry, where environmental concerns and regulatory pressures are escalating. The modifications were confirmed via IR analysis, showcasing distinct chemical changes indicative of epoxide and ester functional groups. The acid, iodine, and peroxide values were assessed to validate the alterations in the chemical compositions. Rheological, tribological, and thermal analyses were conducted to evaluate the performance of the modified bio-lubricant. The rheological examinations demonstrated the favorable viscosity characteristics of mustard oil after chemical modifications, crucial for efficient lubrication in engine systems. Tribological analysis revealed the friction reduction and wear protection properties, essential for prolonging engine life and enhancing efficiency. The thermal analysis highlighted the improved thermal stability, a vital attribute for maintaining lubricant integrity under high-temperature operating conditions. The synthesized bio-lubricant was systematically compared with a commercial engine oil, SAE 20W40, elucidating the competitive performance of the former and its potential for substitution in automotive applications. This research represents a significant contribution to the field of sustainable lubricant development, offering a viable alternative to petroleum-based counterparts while addressing environmental concerns, and enhancing engine performance and longevity.</p>\n </div>","PeriodicalId":17182,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Oil Chemists Society","volume":"103 8","pages":"917-929"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4000,"publicationDate":"2026-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Journal of the American Oil Chemists Society","FirstCategoryId":"97","ListUrlMain":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/aocs.70103","RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"2026/5/24 0:00:00","PubModel":"Epub","JCR":"Q3","JCRName":"CHEMISTRY, APPLIED","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
This study presents a comprehensive approach for enhancing the oxidative stability of mustard oil-derived bio-lubricants through chemical modifications viz.; epoxidation and transesterification. The significance of this research lies in addressing the imperative need for sustainable alternatives to conventional lubricants, particularly in the automotive industry, where environmental concerns and regulatory pressures are escalating. The modifications were confirmed via IR analysis, showcasing distinct chemical changes indicative of epoxide and ester functional groups. The acid, iodine, and peroxide values were assessed to validate the alterations in the chemical compositions. Rheological, tribological, and thermal analyses were conducted to evaluate the performance of the modified bio-lubricant. The rheological examinations demonstrated the favorable viscosity characteristics of mustard oil after chemical modifications, crucial for efficient lubrication in engine systems. Tribological analysis revealed the friction reduction and wear protection properties, essential for prolonging engine life and enhancing efficiency. The thermal analysis highlighted the improved thermal stability, a vital attribute for maintaining lubricant integrity under high-temperature operating conditions. The synthesized bio-lubricant was systematically compared with a commercial engine oil, SAE 20W40, elucidating the competitive performance of the former and its potential for substitution in automotive applications. This research represents a significant contribution to the field of sustainable lubricant development, offering a viable alternative to petroleum-based counterparts while addressing environmental concerns, and enhancing engine performance and longevity.
期刊介绍：
The Journal of the American Oil Chemists’ Society (JAOCS) is an international peer-reviewed journal that publishes significant original scientific research and technological advances on fats, oils, oilseed proteins, and related materials through original research articles, invited reviews, short communications, and letters to the editor. We seek to publish reports that will significantly advance scientific understanding through hypothesis driven research, innovations, and important new information pertaining to analysis, properties, processing, products, and applications of these food and industrial resources. Breakthroughs in food science and technology, biotechnology (including genomics, biomechanisms, biocatalysis and bioprocessing), and industrial products and applications are particularly appropriate.
JAOCS also considers reports on the lipid composition of new, unique, and traditional sources of lipids that definitively address a research hypothesis and advances scientific understanding. However, the genus and species of the source must be verified by appropriate means of classification. In addition, the GPS location of the harvested materials and seed or vegetative samples should be deposited in an accredited germplasm repository. Compositional data suitable for Original Research Articles must embody replicated estimate of tissue constituents, such as oil, protein, carbohydrate, fatty acid, phospholipid, tocopherol, sterol, and carotenoid compositions. Other components unique to the specific plant or animal source may be reported. Furthermore, lipid composition papers should incorporate elements of yeartoyear, environmental, and/ or cultivar variations through use of appropriate statistical analyses.
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