Early-life high-dose omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid supplementation reduces risk of childhood asthma/wheezing: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

IF 1.6 4区医学 Q4 NUTRITION & DIETETICS

Asia Pacific journal of clinical nutrition Pub Date : 2026-08-01 DOI:10.6133/apjcn.202608_35(4).0006

Sisi Cai, Xinyue Ji, Yang He, Ying Zhou, Sangwangjiu Ge, Mengting Gu, Yujia Shang, Shihan Wang, Danyue Yu, Simeng Ren, Dezheng Zhou, Xiaohong Zhang

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Background and objectives: Asthma, a chronic inflammatory airway disease characterized by wheezing, imposes a substantial global health burden on children. Given the potential of early-life omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (omega-3 PUFA) supplementation as an anti-inflammatory intervention to prevent childhood asthma and wheezing, this meta-analysis aims to clarify its efficacy and investigate dose-dependency.

Methods and study design: This systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Three reviewers independently evaluated the studies, extracted data, and assessed bias using the Jadad scale. The outcomes included the risk of asthma/wheezing: pooled odds ratios (ORs) were calculated using fixed-effects models, along with sensitivity/subgroup analyses and dose-response meta-regression.

Results: Twelve randomized controlled trials (RCTs) involving 4,156 participants showed no overall association between omega-3 PUFA and a reduced risk of asthma/wheezing (odds ratio [OR]: 1.00; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.84-1.18). However, high-dose supplementation (≥1,200 mg/day) significantly decreased the risk (OR: 0.66; 95% CI: 0.46-0.94). Similarly, high-dose eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA≥1,000 mg/day) also significantly reduced the risk (OR: 0.67; 95% CI: 0.46-0.97). Dose-response analysis confirmed a linear relationship (p=0.002), indicating a 26.6% reduction in risk for every 1,000 mg/day increase in dose (OR: 0.734; 95% CI: 0.602-0.896). Subgroup analyses revealed no heterogeneity with respect to study location, allergy risk, or follow-up duration.

Conclusions: Early-life omega-3 PUFA supplementation reduces childhood asthma/wheezing risk in a dose-dependent manner. High-dose regimens, particularly those involving EPA, provide substantial protection, suggesting a potential clinical strategy for prevention, although further validation is required.

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早期大剂量补充omega-3多不饱和脂肪酸可降低儿童哮喘/喘息风险：一项随机对照试验的荟萃分析

背景和目的：哮喘是一种以喘息为特征的慢性炎症性气道疾病，对全球儿童造成了巨大的健康负担。鉴于早期补充omega-3多不饱和脂肪酸（omega-3 PUFA）作为预防儿童哮喘和喘息的抗炎干预措施的潜力，本荟萃分析旨在阐明其功效并研究剂量依赖性。方法和研究设计：本系统评价和荟萃分析按照系统评价和荟萃分析首选报告项目（PRISMA）指南进行。三位审稿人独立评估研究，提取数据，并使用Jadad量表评估偏倚。结果包括哮喘/喘息的风险：使用固定效应模型计算合并优势比（ORs），以及敏感性/亚组分析和剂量-反应meta回归。结果：涉及4156名受试者的12项随机对照试验（RCTs）显示，omega-3 PUFA与哮喘/喘息风险降低之间没有总体关联（优势比[OR]: 1.00； 95%可信区间[CI]: 0.84-1.18）。然而，高剂量补充（≥1200mg /天）显著降低风险（OR: 0.66; 95% CI: 0.46-0.94）。同样，高剂量二十碳五烯酸（EPA≥1,000 mg/天）也显著降低了风险（OR: 0.67; 95% CI: 0.46-0.97）。剂量-反应分析证实了线性关系（p=0.002），表明剂量每增加1,000 mg/天，风险降低26.6% （OR: 0.734; 95% CI: 0.602-0.896）。亚组分析显示，在研究地点、过敏风险或随访时间方面没有异质性。结论：早期补充omega-3 PUFA以剂量依赖的方式降低儿童哮喘/喘息风险。高剂量方案，特别是那些涉及EPA的方案，提供了实质性的保护，提示一种潜在的临床预防策略，尽管需要进一步验证。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Asia Pacific journal of clinical nutrition 医学-营养学

CiteScore

2.50

自引率

7.70%

发文量

审稿时长

6-12 weeks

期刊介绍： The aims of the Asia Pacific Journal of Clinical Nutrition (APJCN) are to publish high quality clinical nutrition relevant research findings which can build the capacity of clinical nutritionists in the region and enhance the practice of human nutrition and related disciplines for health promotion and disease prevention. APJCN will publish original research reports, reviews, short communications and case reports. News, book reviews and other items will also be included. The acceptance criteria for all papers are the quality and originality of the research and its significance to our readership. Except where otherwise stated, manuscripts are peer-reviewed by at least two anonymous reviewers and the Editor. The Editorial Board reserves the right to refuse any material for publication and advises that authors should retain copies of submitted manuscripts and correspondence as material cannot be returned. Final acceptance or rejection rests with the Editorial Board