Alcohol Use and Attributable Burden of Disease in the World Health Organization Western Pacific Region

Abstract

Introduction

This article provides an overview of alcohol exposure and attributable mortality and burden of disease in the World Health Organization Western Pacific Region, and trends in alcohol exposure over the past two decades.

Methods

We employed a comparative risk assessment and trend analyses to evaluate alcohol exposure patterns and attributable burden.

Results

In 2019, almost half a million deaths and more than 22 million disability-adjusted life years lost were attributable to the consumption of alcohol in the Western Pacific Region, representing 3.5% (95% uncertainty interval 2.5, 4.8) of all deaths and 4.4% (95% uncertainty interval 3.6, 5.4) of all disability-adjusted life years lost. This was caused by an average consumption of 6.06 litres of pure alcohol per year (APC; 95% confidence interval 4.46–7.84), higher than the global average of 5.45 litres. Trends in APC have varied across subregions: China saw increasing consumption up to 2016, with a marked decrease since then, likely due to an anti-corruption campaign prohibiting consumption in public spaces and during official functions. In other Asian countries, consumption steadily increased until the COVID-19 pandemic, then decreased during it, and has now partially returned to pre-pandemic levels. APC in Oceania including Australasia was relatively stable between 2000 and 2020 and has decreased since.

Discussion and Conclusions

Overall, alcohol use remains high and normalised in the region, necessitating robust alcohol control policies. Strengthening these efforts is particularly critical in some Asian countries that experienced the largest increases in levels of alcohol consumption between 2000 and 2024.