Latent profiles of digital technology use and their relation to executive functions.

Abstract

In recent decades, the use of digital technologies has become ubiquitous in children's lives, raising debates about their potential effects on cognitive development. Among the most studied domains are executive functions (EF); however, empirical evidence on this relationship remains mixed, partly due to the prevailing tendency to assess technology use through unidimensional indicators. Current research recommends adopting methods that capture the complexity of technology use, such as person-centered approaches. The present study aimed to identify profiles of technology use among Argentine children aged 9 to 12 years and to examine their differences in EF. Based on measures of recreational screen time (self- and parent-reported), frequency of social and recreational use, and symptoms of problematic use, a latent profile analysis was conducted with a sample of 223 participants. Four distinct profiles were identified: low, moderate - social, moderate - recreational, and high-problematic use. Male gender and lower socioeconomic status were associated with a higher likelihood of belonging to the high-problematic profile. No significant differences were found in EF performance. These findings highlight the heterogeneity of children's digital habits and challenge deterministic perspectives on technology use among younger generations.