Unearthing Perfectionism and L2 Speaking Performance among Iranian EFL Learners: The Moderating Role of Cultural Collectivism.

Abstract

The current study examined the moderating role of cultural collectivism in the relationship between multidimensional perfectionism and L2 speaking performance among Iranian EFL learners. Using a quantitative correlational design with multiple regression analysis, 210 Iranian EFL learners from seven educational institutions participated in this investigation. Participants completed the Frost Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale (FMPS), modified Individualism-Collectivism Scale (INDCOL), and underwent standardized IELTS speaking assessments evaluated across four micro-skills: fluency and coherence, grammatical range and accuracy, lexical resource, and pronunciation. Cluster analysis distinguished three perfectionism profiles with significant performance differences (F = 12.34-25.67, p<.001). Maladaptive perfectionism, particularly Concern over Mistakes, consistently predicted poorer speaking performance (β=-0.42 to - 0.51, p<.001). Multiple regression analysis, incorporating interaction terms between standardized variables, demonstrated that cultural collectivism functions as a moderator: vertical collectivism amplified maladaptive perfectionism's negative effects (interaction β=-0.052, p<.05), while horizontal collectivism provided selective protection for lexical resource development (interaction β = 0.042, p<.05). The regression models explained substantial variance in speaking performance (R²=0.28-0.45). Cultural collectivism, specifically vertical collectivism, moderates the perfectionism-speaking performance relationship in Iranian EFL contexts. These findings underscore the necessity for culturally sensitive pedagogical approaches when addressing perfectionism-related speaking difficulties in collectivist educational environments.