Positive influence of chicken manure mixed with former food products and vegetable waste on black soldier fly larval performance, frass maturity and environmental emissions
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Abstract
Background
Black soldier fly larvae (BSFL) can convert chicken manure into biomass. However, a single chicken manure substrate leads to low efficiency and more emissions due to nutrient imbalance. This study aimed to investigate differences in conversion efficiency, nutrient allocation, and gas emissions during bioconversion of four waste types by BSFL: chicken manure (CM), former food products (FFPs), vegetable waste (VEG), and a 1:1:1 mixture of these substrates (MIX). The CM treatment served as a control.
Results
NH3 emissions were reduced by 27.54% and 13.90% in the VEG and FFPs groups, respectively. However, this was accompanied by decreases in biomass yield (–27.13% and –34.99%, respectively) and bioconversion rate (BCR; –21.09% and –33.90%, respectively). Although larvae grew well in the CM group, greenhouse gas (GHGs) emissions increased by 20.82%. The MIX group demonstrated balanced carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) retention and loss, with increased BCR (+ 11.36%) and biomass yield (+ 13.21%) and reduced NH3 and GHG emissions by 17.64% and 19.22%, respectively. Moreover, this group exhibited higher larval protein (+ 4.33%) and lipid (+ 1.80%) contents than the CM group. Correlation analysis showed larval biomass yield, protein, bioconversion rate, waste reduction rate, and CO2 and NH3 emissions were positively correlated with feed protein content. Additionally, total N content of frass was positively linked to feed carbohydrate and lipid content, both associated with CH4 and N2O emissions.
Conclusions
Single substrates exhibit constraints, such as restricted biomass yield, poor larvae quality, and elevated environmental emissions. The combined substrate improved process efficiency and diminished emissions, providing a sustainable solution for recycling agri-food waste.
期刊介绍：
Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture is an international, interdisciplinary, peer-reviewed forum for the advancement and application to all fields of agriculture of modern chemical, biochemical and molecular technologies. The scope of this journal includes chemical and biochemical processes aimed to increase sustainable agricultural and food production, the evaluation of quality and origin of raw primary products and their transformation into foods and chemicals, as well as environmental monitoring and remediation. Of special interest are the effects of chemical and biochemical technologies, also at the nano and supramolecular scale, on the relationships between soil, plants, microorganisms and their environment, with the help of modern bioinformatics. Another special focus is the use of modern bioorganic and biological chemistry to develop new technologies for plant nutrition and bio-stimulation, advancement of biorefineries from biomasses, safe and traceable food products, carbon storage in soil and plants and restoration of contaminated soils to agriculture.
This journal presents the first opportunity to bring together researchers from a wide number of disciplines within the agricultural chemical and biological sciences, from both industry and academia. The principle aim of Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture is to allow the exchange of the most advanced chemical and biochemical knowledge to develop technologies which address one of the most pressing challenges of our times - sustaining a growing world population.
Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture publishes original research articles, short letters and invited reviews. Articles from scientists in industry, academia as well as private research institutes, non-governmental and environmental organizations are encouraged.
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