{"title":"Eco-friendly synthesis of ZnO nanostructures from yeast strains isolated from kombucha and beetroot kwass for antimicrobial thin film applications.","authors":"Gülden Kılıç, Gökhan Gurur Gökmen, Yogendra Kumar Mishra","doi":"10.1007/s00449-026-03372-0","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The increasing demand for sustainable antimicrobial materials has accelerated the development of environmentally friendly synthesis strategies that minimize the use of hazardous chemicals and energy-intensive processes. However, the application of unconventional yeast strains for integrated nanoparticle production and thin film fabrication remains largely unexplored. In this study, yeast strains isolated from kombucha and beetroot kvass were employed for the extracellular biosynthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs), followed by thin film fabrication, enabling systematic investigation of structure-property-antibacterial relationships. This approach provides a sustainable route for developing biologically derived antimicrobial materials with potential relevance to food and biomedical applications. ZnO NPs were synthesized and deposited as thin films via spin coating. Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis) confirmed nanoparticle formation, while scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed agglomerated nanoparticles and homogeneous nanoscale films. Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) verified elemental composition, and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis identified monoclinic and cubic crystalline phases with crystallite sizes ranging from 8.78 to 19.40 nm, whereas thin films displayed predominantly amorphous characteristics. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) identified characteristic absorption bands associated with Zn-O vibrations and surface functional groups. Water contact angle (WCA) analysis indicated hydrophilic surfaces. ZnO NPs exhibited pronounced antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538P and Escherichia coli O157:H7. Although thin films produced smaller inhibition zones, complete bacterial inactivation was achieved within 2 h under direct-contact conditions. These findings demonstrate the potential of biosynthesized ZnO nanostructures as sustainable antimicrobial platforms.</p>","PeriodicalId":9024,"journal":{"name":"Bioprocess and Biosystems Engineering","volume":" ","pages":"1885-1907"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3000,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13379424/pdf/","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Bioprocess and Biosystems Engineering","FirstCategoryId":"5","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00449-026-03372-0","RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"2026/6/25 0:00:00","PubModel":"Epub","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"BIOTECHNOLOGY & APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
The increasing demand for sustainable antimicrobial materials has accelerated the development of environmentally friendly synthesis strategies that minimize the use of hazardous chemicals and energy-intensive processes. However, the application of unconventional yeast strains for integrated nanoparticle production and thin film fabrication remains largely unexplored. In this study, yeast strains isolated from kombucha and beetroot kvass were employed for the extracellular biosynthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs), followed by thin film fabrication, enabling systematic investigation of structure-property-antibacterial relationships. This approach provides a sustainable route for developing biologically derived antimicrobial materials with potential relevance to food and biomedical applications. ZnO NPs were synthesized and deposited as thin films via spin coating. Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis) confirmed nanoparticle formation, while scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed agglomerated nanoparticles and homogeneous nanoscale films. Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) verified elemental composition, and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis identified monoclinic and cubic crystalline phases with crystallite sizes ranging from 8.78 to 19.40 nm, whereas thin films displayed predominantly amorphous characteristics. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) identified characteristic absorption bands associated with Zn-O vibrations and surface functional groups. Water contact angle (WCA) analysis indicated hydrophilic surfaces. ZnO NPs exhibited pronounced antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538P and Escherichia coli O157:H7. Although thin films produced smaller inhibition zones, complete bacterial inactivation was achieved within 2 h under direct-contact conditions. These findings demonstrate the potential of biosynthesized ZnO nanostructures as sustainable antimicrobial platforms.
期刊介绍：
Bioprocess and Biosystems Engineering provides an international peer-reviewed forum to facilitate the discussion between engineering and biological science to find efficient solutions in the development and improvement of bioprocesses. The aim of the journal is to focus more attention on the multidisciplinary approaches for integrative bioprocess design. Of special interest are the rational manipulation of biosystems through metabolic engineering techniques to provide new biocatalysts as well as the model based design of bioprocesses (up-stream processing, bioreactor operation and downstream processing) that will lead to new and sustainable production processes.
Contributions are targeted at new approaches for rational and evolutive design of cellular systems by taking into account the environment and constraints of technical production processes, integration of recombinant technology and process design, as well as new hybrid intersections such as bioinformatics and process systems engineering. Manuscripts concerning the design, simulation, experimental validation, control, and economic as well as ecological evaluation of novel processes using biosystems or parts thereof (e.g., enzymes, microorganisms, mammalian cells, plant cells, or tissue), their related products, or technical devices are also encouraged.
The Editors will consider papers for publication based on novelty, their impact on biotechnological production and their contribution to the advancement of bioprocess and biosystems engineering science. Submission of papers dealing with routine aspects of bioprocess engineering (e.g., routine application of established methodologies, and description of established equipment) are discouraged.
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