Oxygen transmission rate in American oak barrel staves used for wine aging: Influence of wood macrostructure.

IF 4 2区农林科学 Q1 AGRICULTURE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture Pub Date : 2026-10-01 Epub Date: 2026-06-17 DOI:10.1002/jsfa.70810

Maria Del Alamo-Sanza, Maria Asensio-Cuadrado, Ana María Martínez-Gil, Ignacio Nevares

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Background: Oak barrels are widely used in wine and spirit aging, where oxygen transmission plays a key role in the development of chemical and sensory properties. In cooperage, stave selection is traditionally based on grain width; however, the extent to which grain and wood macrostructure determine oxygen transmission under barrel conditions remains poorly understood, particularly for American oak.

Results: The macrostructure and oxygen transmission rate (OTR) of 214 American oak (Quercus alba) staves were characterized under conditions simulating barrel use, with wood exposed to air on one side and a model wine solution on the other. Macrostructural parameters - density, porosity, growth-ring features, earlywood and latewood widths and ratios, medullary ray characteristics, impregnation, and grain - were quantified by image-based analysis and related to OTR. Compared to previously reported French oak (Quercus petraea), American oak showed higher density, lower porosity, wider growth rings, and greater interannual growth variability. OTR values varied substantially among staves and were on average approximately 68% lower than those reported for French oak. Grain showed only a weak relationship with OTR, and staves with similar grain displayed markedly different oxygen transmission. Multivariate analysis indicated that OTR is not controlled by any single macrostructural parameter but results from the combined effects of wood anatomy, growth patterns, structural orientation, and liquid impregnation.

Conclusion: These findings highlight the limitations of traditional cooperage descriptors for predicting oxygen transmission and provide a basis for improved wood selection targeting specific oxygenation profiles. with direct implications for barrel choice and wine quality. © 2026 The Author(s). Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.

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葡萄酒陈酿用美国橡木桶的氧透过率：木材宏观结构的影响。

背景：橡木桶被广泛用于葡萄酒和烈酒的陈酿，其中氧气的传递在化学和感官特性的发展中起着关键作用。在木桶中，木板的选择传统上是基于谷物宽度的；然而，谷物和木材宏观结构在多大程度上决定了桶条件下的氧气传输，这一点仍然知之甚少，特别是对于美国橡木。结果：在模拟木桶使用的条件下，对214根美洲橡木（Quercus alba）木材的宏观结构和氧透过率（OTR）进行了表征，其中木材一侧暴露于空气中，另一侧暴露于模拟葡萄酒溶液中。宏观结构参数——密度、孔隙度、生长环特征、早木和晚木的宽度和比例、髓质射线特征、浸渍和晶粒——通过基于图像的分析进行量化，并与OTR相关。与以往报道的法国栎相比，美洲栎表现出更高的密度、更低的孔隙度、更宽的年轮和更大的年际生长变异性。木材的OTR值差异很大，平均比法国橡木低68%左右。晶粒与OTR的关系较弱，晶粒相似的茎秆透氧率差异显著。多因素分析表明，木材的OTR不受单一宏观结构参数的控制，而是木材解剖、生长方式、结构取向和液体浸渍等因素综合作用的结果。结论：这些研究结果突出了传统的合作描述符在预测氧气传输方面的局限性，并为改进针对特定氧合特征的木材选择提供了基础。直接影响到酒桶的选择和葡萄酒的品质。©2026作者。约翰威利父子有限公司代表化学工业协会出版的《食品与农业科学杂志》。

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来源期刊

Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 工程技术-农业综合

CiteScore

8.10

自引率

4.90%

发文量

634

审稿时长

3.1 months

期刊介绍： The Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture publishes peer-reviewed original research, reviews, mini-reviews, perspectives and spotlights in these areas, with particular emphasis on interdisciplinary studies at the agriculture/ food interface. Published for SCI by John Wiley & Sons Ltd. SCI (Society of Chemical Industry) is a unique international forum where science meets business on independent, impartial ground. Anyone can join and current Members include consumers, business people, environmentalists, industrialists, farmers, and researchers. The Society offers a chance to share information between sectors as diverse as food and agriculture, pharmaceuticals, biotechnology, materials, chemicals, environmental science and safety. As well as organising educational events, SCI awards a number of prestigious honours and scholarships each year, publishes peer-reviewed journals, and provides Members with news from their sectors in the respected magazine, Chemistry & Industry . Originally established in London in 1881 and in New York in 1894, SCI is a registered charity with Members in over 70 countries.