Health insurance type moderates the association between substance use disorders and cardiovascular multimorbidity among U.S. adults - Results from the 2023 National Survey on Drug use and Health.

Abstract

Background: Cardiovascular multimorbidity (CVD MM), defined as two or more cardiovascular conditions, poses a significant public health challenge. Substance use disorders (SUDs) may elevate CVD MM risk, and health insurance disparities could exacerbate this relationship. We examined if insurance type moderates the association between SUDs and CVD MM.

Methods: We analyzed cross-sectional data from 45,133 US adults in the 2023 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH). CVD MM was defined as two or more specific cardiovascular conditions. SUDs included illicit drugs and cannabis, excluding nicotine dependence and alcohol use disorder. Logistic regression models examined the SUDs-CVD MM relationship and tested for an interaction between insurance type and SUDs, adjusting for covariates.

Results: Individuals in the representative sample of US adults were 60.8% privately insured, 17.4% with Medicaid, 9.1% with Medicare, 8.7% uninsured, and 4.0% with other types of insurance. CVD MM (12.7% Uninsured to 47.7% Medicare; p < 0.0001) and SUDs (2.8% Medicare to 8.3% Medicaid; p < 0.0001) prevalence varied significantly by insurance type. In adjusted models, SUDs were not associated with CVD MM; however, Medicaid enrollees had higher odds of CVD MM than those privately insured. In interaction models, insurance type was a statistically significant moderator of the SUDs-CVD MM association (p = 0.0146). Stratified models showed uninsured adults with SUDs had higher odds of CVD MM (aOR:2.25, 95% CI:1.28,3.93) compared to uninsured counterparts without SUDs. No significant association was found among privately insured, Medicaid, or other insured individuals.

Conclusions: Uninsured individuals with SUDs face an elevated risk of CVD MM. Interventions improving access to care for this vulnerable population are crucial for reducing cardiovascular health disparities.