{"title":"Later-Life Employment Transitions and Frailty: A Gendered Analysis Using Asymmetric Fixed-Effects Models.","authors":"NaKyung Nam, Jinho Kim","doi":"10.1177/01640275261449787","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Later-life employment transitions have complex health implications, yet few studies examine the asymmetric effects of workforce entry and exit on frailty. Using seven waves of the Korean Longitudinal Study of Aging (KLoSA), this study analyzed 6,165 adults aged 65 and older to assess how employment transitions affect frailty and whether these effects differ by gender. Frailty was measured using a 41-item index, and asymmetric fixed effects models were applied to distinguish the health impacts of entering versus exiting the workforce. Gender-stratified models showed a positive association between employment and frailty only among women. Notably, asymmetric models revealed that exiting the workforce was associated with reduced frailty for women, while entering the workforce was not significantly linked to increased frailty. Gender interaction models confirmed these findings. The results underscore the importance of considering gender and asymmetry in employment transitions and suggest policies supporting better working conditions for older women.</p>","PeriodicalId":47983,"journal":{"name":"Research on Aging","volume":" ","pages":"1640275261449787"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8000,"publicationDate":"2026-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Research on Aging","FirstCategoryId":"90","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1177/01640275261449787","RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"GERONTOLOGY","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Later-life employment transitions have complex health implications, yet few studies examine the asymmetric effects of workforce entry and exit on frailty. Using seven waves of the Korean Longitudinal Study of Aging (KLoSA), this study analyzed 6,165 adults aged 65 and older to assess how employment transitions affect frailty and whether these effects differ by gender. Frailty was measured using a 41-item index, and asymmetric fixed effects models were applied to distinguish the health impacts of entering versus exiting the workforce. Gender-stratified models showed a positive association between employment and frailty only among women. Notably, asymmetric models revealed that exiting the workforce was associated with reduced frailty for women, while entering the workforce was not significantly linked to increased frailty. Gender interaction models confirmed these findings. The results underscore the importance of considering gender and asymmetry in employment transitions and suggest policies supporting better working conditions for older women.
期刊介绍：
Research on Aging is an interdisciplinary journal designed to reflect the expanding role of research in the field of social gerontology. Research on Aging exists to provide for publication of research in the broad range of disciplines concerned with aging. Scholars from the disciplines of sociology, geriatrics, history, psychology, anthropology, public health, economics, political science, criminal justice, and social work are encouraged to contribute articles to the journal. Emphasis will be on materials of broad scope and cross-disciplinary interest. Assessment of the current state of knowledge is as important as provision of an outlet for new knowledge, so critical and review articles are welcomed. Systematic attention to particular topics will also be featured.
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