{"title":"VvGRX28 interacting with VvZNF10 modulates cold tolerance via eliminating excessive ROS in grapevine","authors":"Guojie Nai, Congcong Zhang, Haokai Yan, Lei Ma, Zhihui Pu, Jingrong Zhang, Zhilong Li, Xiaoxiao Qin, Sheng Li, Baihong Chen, Shaoying Ma","doi":"10.1186/s40538-026-00928-w","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Glutaredoxins (GRXs) are small oxidoreductases that play a crucial role in response to abiotic stress. Although the GRX gene family has been characterized in several species, the knowledge of their evolution relationship, diversification and function in grape are still limited.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>In this study, 32 <i>VvGRX</i> genes were identified and clustered into CC-, CGFS-, GRL- and CPYC-type categories. The structure and motifs of <i>VvGRXs</i> were similar in genes clustered into close branches, indicating highly conserved during the evolutional process. <i>Cis</i>-acting elements mainly were involved in stress response and hormone regulation. Tissue-specific expression showed that <i>VvGRXs</i> were differentially expressed in different grape tissues. qRT-PCR indicated that <i>VvGRX28</i> expression could actively be induced by cold stress. Furthermore, <i>VvGRX28</i> was functionally characterized and cloned to verify the cold tolerance function. Through <i>Agrobacterium</i>-mediating to overexpress and interfere <i>VvGRX28</i>, the result demonstrated that the <i>VvGRX28</i> overexpression could enhance the content of proline (Pro), soluble sugar (SS), glutathione (GSH) and peroxidase (POD) activities, and reduced the content of malondialdehyde (MDA) and hydrogen peroxide (H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>), and upregulated the expression of <i>ICE</i>, <i>CBF</i> and <i>COR</i> in <i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i> and grape callus, while exhibiting an opposite trend after RNAi. VvZNF10, as the interaction protein of VvGRX28, overexpression and co-transformation with <i>VvGRX28</i> could improve the cold tolerance in grape callus.</p><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>The results demonstrate that <i>VvGRX28</i> is a positive regulator to enhance cold tolerance interacting with <i>VvZNF10</i> in grape. Collectively, this study provides a comprehensive analysis of the VvGRX gene family, offering novel insights into the regulation mechanism of <i>VvGRX28</i> under cold stress in grape.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture><span>The alternative text for this image may have been generated using AI.</span></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":512,"journal":{"name":"Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2000,"publicationDate":"2026-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/s40538-026-00928-w.pdf","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture","FirstCategoryId":"97","ListUrlMain":"https://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s40538-026-00928-w","RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"2026/4/23 0:00:00","PubModel":"Epub","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"AGRICULTURE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Background
Glutaredoxins (GRXs) are small oxidoreductases that play a crucial role in response to abiotic stress. Although the GRX gene family has been characterized in several species, the knowledge of their evolution relationship, diversification and function in grape are still limited.
Results
In this study, 32 VvGRX genes were identified and clustered into CC-, CGFS-, GRL- and CPYC-type categories. The structure and motifs of VvGRXs were similar in genes clustered into close branches, indicating highly conserved during the evolutional process. Cis-acting elements mainly were involved in stress response and hormone regulation. Tissue-specific expression showed that VvGRXs were differentially expressed in different grape tissues. qRT-PCR indicated that VvGRX28 expression could actively be induced by cold stress. Furthermore, VvGRX28 was functionally characterized and cloned to verify the cold tolerance function. Through Agrobacterium-mediating to overexpress and interfere VvGRX28, the result demonstrated that the VvGRX28 overexpression could enhance the content of proline (Pro), soluble sugar (SS), glutathione (GSH) and peroxidase (POD) activities, and reduced the content of malondialdehyde (MDA) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and upregulated the expression of ICE, CBF and COR in Arabidopsis thaliana and grape callus, while exhibiting an opposite trend after RNAi. VvZNF10, as the interaction protein of VvGRX28, overexpression and co-transformation with VvGRX28 could improve the cold tolerance in grape callus.
Conclusions
The results demonstrate that VvGRX28 is a positive regulator to enhance cold tolerance interacting with VvZNF10 in grape. Collectively, this study provides a comprehensive analysis of the VvGRX gene family, offering novel insights into the regulation mechanism of VvGRX28 under cold stress in grape.
Graphical Abstract
The alternative text for this image may have been generated using AI.
期刊介绍：
Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture is an international, interdisciplinary, peer-reviewed forum for the advancement and application to all fields of agriculture of modern chemical, biochemical and molecular technologies. The scope of this journal includes chemical and biochemical processes aimed to increase sustainable agricultural and food production, the evaluation of quality and origin of raw primary products and their transformation into foods and chemicals, as well as environmental monitoring and remediation. Of special interest are the effects of chemical and biochemical technologies, also at the nano and supramolecular scale, on the relationships between soil, plants, microorganisms and their environment, with the help of modern bioinformatics. Another special focus is the use of modern bioorganic and biological chemistry to develop new technologies for plant nutrition and bio-stimulation, advancement of biorefineries from biomasses, safe and traceable food products, carbon storage in soil and plants and restoration of contaminated soils to agriculture.
This journal presents the first opportunity to bring together researchers from a wide number of disciplines within the agricultural chemical and biological sciences, from both industry and academia. The principle aim of Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture is to allow the exchange of the most advanced chemical and biochemical knowledge to develop technologies which address one of the most pressing challenges of our times - sustaining a growing world population.
Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture publishes original research articles, short letters and invited reviews. Articles from scientists in industry, academia as well as private research institutes, non-governmental and environmental organizations are encouraged.
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