{"title":"Nanoparticle-Based Delivery Systems for Traditional Chinese Medicine in Cardiovascular Diseases: Advances and Challenges.","authors":"Yanying Xiong, Hua Geng, Wenjing Jiang, Yuqing Meng","doi":"10.1002/pca.70073","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) remain a leading cause of global morbidity and mortality. Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) offers a rich source of bioactive compounds with demonstrated efficacy in CVD management through multi-target mechanisms, including modulation of oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis, and autophagy. However, the clinical application of TCM is often hampered by inherent pharmaceutical challenges such as poor solubility, low bioavailability, and non-specific targeting. The emergence of nanoparticle (NP)-based delivery systems presents a transformative strategy to overcome these limitations.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This review comprehensively summarizes recent advances in various NP platforms, including lipid-based, polymeric, inorganic, and biomimetic nanocarriers, for the efficient and targeted delivery of TCM active ingredients in the treatment of CVDs.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A systematic discussion is conducted on how these engineered nanocarriers enhance the stability, bioavailability, and targeted accumulation of TCM compounds at pathological sites, thereby amplifying their therapeutic effects while minimizing off-target toxicity.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Nanoparticle-based delivery systems significantly improve the pharmacokinetic and biodistribution profiles of TCM-derived compounds. These platforms enable enhanced therapeutic outcomes in CVD models through improved targeting and reduced systemic side effects.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Despite these promising advances, significant challenges remain that hinder clinical translation, including the inherent complexity of multi-component TCM formulations, unresolved nanosafety concerns, lack of standardization in both herbal extracts and nano-formulations, and substantial hurdles in industrial scalability and regulatory approval. By integrating the holistic principles of TCM with the precision of nanotechnology, this evolving field holds immense promise for developing next-generation, targeted therapeutics for cardiovascular diseases, bridging the gap between traditional medicine and modern drug delivery paradigms.</p>","PeriodicalId":20095,"journal":{"name":"Phytochemical Analysis","volume":" ","pages":"692-715"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9000,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Phytochemical Analysis","FirstCategoryId":"99","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pca.70073","RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"2026/4/15 0:00:00","PubModel":"Epub","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"BIOCHEMICAL RESEARCH METHODS","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Background: Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) remain a leading cause of global morbidity and mortality. Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) offers a rich source of bioactive compounds with demonstrated efficacy in CVD management through multi-target mechanisms, including modulation of oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis, and autophagy. However, the clinical application of TCM is often hampered by inherent pharmaceutical challenges such as poor solubility, low bioavailability, and non-specific targeting. The emergence of nanoparticle (NP)-based delivery systems presents a transformative strategy to overcome these limitations.
Objective: This review comprehensively summarizes recent advances in various NP platforms, including lipid-based, polymeric, inorganic, and biomimetic nanocarriers, for the efficient and targeted delivery of TCM active ingredients in the treatment of CVDs.
Methods: A systematic discussion is conducted on how these engineered nanocarriers enhance the stability, bioavailability, and targeted accumulation of TCM compounds at pathological sites, thereby amplifying their therapeutic effects while minimizing off-target toxicity.
Results: Nanoparticle-based delivery systems significantly improve the pharmacokinetic and biodistribution profiles of TCM-derived compounds. These platforms enable enhanced therapeutic outcomes in CVD models through improved targeting and reduced systemic side effects.
Conclusion: Despite these promising advances, significant challenges remain that hinder clinical translation, including the inherent complexity of multi-component TCM formulations, unresolved nanosafety concerns, lack of standardization in both herbal extracts and nano-formulations, and substantial hurdles in industrial scalability and regulatory approval. By integrating the holistic principles of TCM with the precision of nanotechnology, this evolving field holds immense promise for developing next-generation, targeted therapeutics for cardiovascular diseases, bridging the gap between traditional medicine and modern drug delivery paradigms.
期刊介绍：
Phytochemical Analysis is devoted to the publication of original articles concerning the development, improvement, validation and/or extension of application of analytical methodology in the plant sciences. The spectrum of coverage is broad, encompassing methods and techniques relevant to the detection (including bio-screening), extraction, separation, purification, identification and quantification of compounds in plant biochemistry, plant cellular and molecular biology, plant biotechnology, the food sciences, agriculture and horticulture. The Journal publishes papers describing significant novelty in the analysis of whole plants (including algae), plant cells, tissues and organs, plant-derived extracts and plant products (including those which have been partially or completely refined for use in the food, agrochemical, pharmaceutical and related industries). All forms of physical, chemical, biochemical, spectroscopic, radiometric, electrometric, chromatographic, metabolomic and chemometric investigations of plant products (monomeric species as well as polymeric molecules such as nucleic acids, proteins, lipids and carbohydrates) are included within the remit of the Journal. Papers dealing with novel methods relating to areas such as data handling/ data mining in plant sciences will also be welcomed.
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