Critical Identity Theory: Integrating Intersectional Family Perspectives With Symbolic Interactionism

Abstract

Identity theory (IT) has a rich history in family science research; however, neither IT itself nor research using identity theory have focused on diversity or systems of inequality. We suggest that the propositions and assumptions of identity theory are highly compatible with more current critical theories, such as intersectionality. In the current paper, we integrate components from intersectionality theory into identity theory to develop a Critical Identity Theory (CIT). We introduce the importance of belonging, two forms of identities (role identities and sociocultural identities), and four levels within which identities are negotiated (sociocultural, institutional, relational, and individual). The remainder of the theory's propositions and assumptions are organized around the processes involved in the creation and negotiation of identities and identity enactment. Implications of the theory for future research, theorizing, policy, and practice are discussed.