Non-consensual Dissemination of Sexts: A Scoping Review of Associated Factors with Perpetration and Victimization

Abstract

Non-consensual dissemination of sexts refers to the non-consensual sharing of intimate or sexual photos or videos of an individual previously obtained through sexting. This scoping review examines the factors associated with perpetration and victimization of this behavior among adolescents and young adults. The analysis of 63 quantitative, qualitative and mixed-methods studies revealed that non-consensual dissemination of sexts is a form of online sexual gender-based violence and that a variety of factors related to sociodemographics, interpersonal relations, personal characteristics, mental health, sexuality, online behavior, perceptions of non-consensual dissemination of sexts, deviant and criminal behavior, and other factors are associated with it. Furthermore, the review shows that most of the identified factors are associated with perpetration of the behavior. Fewer factors have been found to be associated with victimization of non-consensual dissemination of sexts. Overall, more attention has been paid to risk factors than to protective factors for involvement in these behaviors. Based on these findings, some recommendations for future research are formulated. In terms of education and prevention, it would be particularly interesting to focus on peer norms and pressure, gender and sexual role dynamics and stereotypes, and ideas, norms and attitudes towards sexting and non-consensual dissemination of sexts in particular. In terms of support, it is particularly important to focus on the (mental health) vulnerabilities of young people involved in the behavior.