Real-time sequence components extraction for an unbalanced distribution system for fault detection

Abstract

The objective of this study is to extract sequence components in a distribution system utilizing hardware-in-loop (HIL) for accurate fault detection and classification. The proposed system focuses on real-time monitoring using fixed-point arithmetic on a low-cost TMS320F28379D launch-xl DSP microcontroller, enabling quick computation and fault detection based on the sequence parameters. This study proposes a Fourier-based modified extraction technique for a three-phase induction motor that serves as a prototype of a distribution system. The real-time sequence component extraction of the voltage and current signals in the transmission lines was carried out using a Fourier-based extraction technique. The amplitude and phase of all the sequence components were successfully extracted with variable sampling frequencies. The system performance was successfully tested for both symmetrical and unsymmetrical faults in transmission system within three to five power cycles, as per the IEEE C37.103 standard for overcurrent protection in transmission lines. This research effectively illustrated real-time sequence extraction, enabling a rapid reaction to imbalances in the system. Reliable sequence component extraction is made possible by the use of HIL, which makes it easier to track changes in real time. Optimization of the Fourier-based extraction algorithm improves the overall execution speed and reduces the computational burden and memory utilization of the DSP. The algorithm can be deployed on low-cost target DSP platforms for HIL testing. Furthermore, the system is easily scalable and adaptable, with minimal changes to meet the requirements of changing physical conditions.