Gambling participation and risk over time associated with type of gambling activity: Trends in Australian general population 2015–2022

IF 4.1 2区医学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, CLINICAL

Addictive behaviors Pub Date : 2026-05-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-27 DOI:10.1016/j.addbeh.2026.108618

Miranda R. Chilver , Peter Butterworth , Aino Suomi

{"title":"Gambling participation and risk over time associated with type of gambling activity: Trends in Australian general population 2015–2022","authors":"Miranda R. Chilver , Peter Butterworth , Aino Suomi","doi":"10.1016/j.addbeh.2026.108618","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>There is limited longitudinal data examining national gambling trends in Australia. This study examines longitudinal trends in gambling participation and higher-risk gambling in Australia from 2015 to 2022 using data from the nationally representative Household Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia (HILDA) panel study. Study participants were HILDA respondents aged 15 and older in 2015, 2018, or 2022 who completed the Problem Gambling Severity Index (PGSI; N = 44,836 observations). Gambling participation was based on self-reported typical monthly expenditure on 10 gambling activities. Gambling risk was assessed using the 9-item PGSI and categorised as low-risk (0–2) or higher-risk (3+) gambling. Age and sex were included as socio-demographic variables. The results indicated that monthly gambling participation declined from 37.1% in 2015 to 32.9% in 2022 but levels of higher-risk gambling did not reduce at the same rate. Higher-risk gambling was independently associated with participation in electronic gaming machines (EGMs; OR = 8.0, <em>p</em> < 0.001), race betting (OR = 2.3, <em>p</em> < 0.001) and sports betting (OR = 1.5, <em>p</em> = 0.01). These were the most popular forms of gambling among those aged under 25. Although overall gambling participation in Australia has declined to 2022, this did not result in a reduction to higher-risk gambling. Young adults were the least likely to gamble, but show disproportionate participation in EGMs, race, and sports betting, and an increasing rate of higher-risk gambling.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7155,"journal":{"name":"Addictive behaviors","volume":"176 ","pages":"Article 108618"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1000,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Addictive behaviors","FirstCategoryId":"3","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306460326000250","RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"2026/1/27 0:00:00","PubModel":"Epub","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"PSYCHOLOGY, CLINICAL","Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Abstract

There is limited longitudinal data examining national gambling trends in Australia. This study examines longitudinal trends in gambling participation and higher-risk gambling in Australia from 2015 to 2022 using data from the nationally representative Household Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia (HILDA) panel study. Study participants were HILDA respondents aged 15 and older in 2015, 2018, or 2022 who completed the Problem Gambling Severity Index (PGSI; N = 44,836 observations). Gambling participation was based on self-reported typical monthly expenditure on 10 gambling activities. Gambling risk was assessed using the 9-item PGSI and categorised as low-risk (0–2) or higher-risk (3+) gambling. Age and sex were included as socio-demographic variables. The results indicated that monthly gambling participation declined from 37.1% in 2015 to 32.9% in 2022 but levels of higher-risk gambling did not reduce at the same rate. Higher-risk gambling was independently associated with participation in electronic gaming machines (EGMs; OR = 8.0, p < 0.001), race betting (OR = 2.3, p < 0.001) and sports betting (OR = 1.5, p = 0.01). These were the most popular forms of gambling among those aged under 25. Although overall gambling participation in Australia has declined to 2022, this did not result in a reduction to higher-risk gambling. Young adults were the least likely to gamble, but show disproportionate participation in EGMs, race, and sports betting, and an increasing rate of higher-risk gambling.

查看原文本刊更多论文

与赌博活动类型相关的赌博参与和风险：2015-2022年澳大利亚普通人口的趋势。

有有限的纵向数据检查全国赌博趋势在澳大利亚。本研究使用来自澳大利亚全国代表性家庭收入和劳动力动态（HILDA）小组研究的数据，研究了2015年至2022年澳大利亚赌博参与和高风险赌博的纵向趋势。研究参与者是2015年、2018年或2022年15岁及以上的HILDA受访者，他们完成了问题赌博严重程度指数（PGSI; N = 44,836个观察值）。参与赌博的情况是基于自我报告的10项赌博活动的典型每月支出。赌博风险使用9项PGSI进行评估，并分为低风险（0-2）或高风险（3+）赌博。年龄和性别被纳入社会人口变量。结果表明，每月的赌博参与率从2015年的37.1%下降到2022年的32.9%，但高风险赌博的水平并没有以同样的速度下降。高风险赌博与参与电子游戏机独立相关(egm; OR = 8.0, p

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

求助全文

约1分钟内获得全文求助全文

来源期刊

Addictive behaviors 医学-药物滥用

CiteScore

8.40

自引率

4.50%

发文量

283

审稿时长

46 days

期刊介绍： Addictive Behaviors is an international peer-reviewed journal publishing high quality human research on addictive behaviors and disorders since 1975. The journal accepts submissions of full-length papers and short communications on substance-related addictions such as the abuse of alcohol, drugs and nicotine, and behavioral addictions involving gambling and technology. We primarily publish behavioral and psychosocial research but our articles span the fields of psychology, sociology, psychiatry, epidemiology, social policy, medicine, pharmacology and neuroscience. While theoretical orientations are diverse, the emphasis of the journal is primarily empirical. That is, sound experimental design combined with valid, reliable assessment and evaluation procedures are a requisite for acceptance. However, innovative and empirically oriented case studies that might encourage new lines of inquiry are accepted as well. Studies that clearly contribute to current knowledge of etiology, prevention, social policy or treatment are given priority. Scholarly commentaries on topical issues, systematic reviews, and mini reviews are encouraged. We especially welcome multimedia papers that incorporate video or audio components to better display methodology or findings. Studies can also be submitted to Addictive Behaviors? companion title, the open access journal Addictive Behaviors Reports, which has a particular interest in ''non-traditional'', innovative and empirically-oriented research such as negative/null data papers, replication studies, case reports on novel treatments, and cross-cultural research.