Normative scores for the three factor eating questionnaire (TFEQ-R18) in a UK population-based cohort

IF 3.8 2区医学 Q1 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Appetite Pub Date : 2026-06-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-23 DOI:10.1016/j.appet.2026.108466

Cara F. Ruggiero, Laura Kudlek, Julia Mueller, Simon J. Griffin, Stephen J. Sharp, Nick J. Wareham, Soren Brage, Nita G. Forouhi, Ken K. Ong, Amy Ahern

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Eating behaviour traits (EBTs), individuals’ reactions to food, food-related cues, and food intake, play an important role in the development and maintenance of overweight and obesity. We provide population-based norms for cognitive restraint, uncontrolled eating, and emotional eating as measured by the Three Factor Eating questionnaire (short form, TFEQ-18) in a UK cohort of middle-aged adults (the Fenland Study). Participants included 7830 individuals recruited across Cambridgeshire General Practices; 51.8 % identified as female and participants reported a mean BMI of 26.8. Unadjusted linear regression estimated demographic (sex, age) and anthropometric (Body Mass Index, BMI) associations with each EBT to identify subgroups to derive normative scores. Percentiles of each EBT were calculated for the overall population and subgroups. Males scored lower than females on cognitive restraint (β = −7.86, 95 % CI [-8.69, −7.03], p < 0.001), uncontrolled eating (β = −1.03, 95 % CI [-1.80, −0.26], p = 0.008), and emotional eating (β = −13.13, 95 % CI [-14.28, −11.98], p < 0.001). Older age was associated with higher scores on cognitive restraint (β = 0.13, 95 % CI [0.07, 0.19], p < 0.001), and lower scores on uncontrolled eating (β = −0.34, 95 % CI [-0.39, −0.28], p < 0.001) and emotional eating (β = −0.13, 95 % CI [-0.21, −0.04], p = 0.002). Higher BMI was associated with higher emotional eating (β = 1.71, 95 % CI [1.59, 1.83], p < 0.001) and uncontrolled eating (β = 1.05, 95 % CI [0.97, 1.12], p < 0.001). BMI was not associated with cognitive restraint. Normative scores provide context for individual EBT scores and may inform development, refinement, and application of prevention strategies for overweight, obesity, and eating disorders.

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在英国以人群为基础的队列中，三因素饮食问卷（TFEQ-R18）的标准得分

饮食行为特征（ebt），即个体对食物的反应、食物相关线索和食物摄入，在超重和肥胖的发展和维持中发挥着重要作用。我们通过三因素饮食问卷（简称TFEQ-18）在英国中年人队列（芬兰研究）中提供了基于人群的认知约束、不受控制的饮食和情绪性饮食的标准。参与者包括从剑桥郡全科医院招募的7830名个体；51.8%为女性，参与者报告的平均BMI为26.8。未经调整的线性回归估计了人口统计学（性别、年龄）和人体测量学（身体质量指数，BMI）与每个EBT的关联，以确定亚组，得出规范分数。计算总体和亚组的每个EBT的百分位数。男性在认知约束（β = - 7.86, 95% CI [-8.69, - 7.03], p < 0.001）、进食失控（β = - 1.03, 95% CI [-1.80, - 0.26], p = 0.008）和情绪化进食（β = - 13.13, 95% CI [-14.28, - 11.98], p < 0.001）方面得分低于女性。年龄越大，认知约束得分越高（β = 0.13, 95% CI [0.07, 0.19], p < 0.001），不受控制的进食得分越低（β = - 0.34, 95% CI [-0.39, - 0.28], p < 0.001），情绪性进食得分越低（β = - 0.13, 95% CI [-0.21, - 0.04], p = 0.002）。较高的BMI与较高的情绪化饮食（β = 1.71, 95% CI [1.59, 1.83], p < 0.001）和不受控制的饮食（β = 1.05, 95% CI [0.97, 1.12], p < 0.001）相关。BMI与认知约束无关。标准分数为个人EBT分数提供了背景，并可能为超重、肥胖和饮食失调的预防策略的发展、改进和应用提供信息。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Appetite 医学-行为科学

CiteScore

9.10

自引率

11.10%

发文量

566

审稿时长

13.4 weeks

期刊介绍： Appetite is an international research journal specializing in cultural, social, psychological, sensory and physiological influences on the selection and intake of foods and drinks. It covers normal and disordered eating and drinking and welcomes studies of both human and non-human animal behaviour toward food. Appetite publishes research reports, reviews and commentaries. Thematic special issues appear regularly. From time to time the journal carries abstracts from professional meetings. Submissions to Appetite are expected to be based primarily on observations directly related to the selection and intake of foods and drinks; papers that are primarily focused on topics such as nutrition or obesity will not be considered unless they specifically make a novel scientific contribution to the understanding of appetite in line with the journal's aims and scope.