Lifetime Drinking Patterns Shape Awareness of Alcohol-Related Chronic Disease Risks in U.S. Adults: Findings From the National Alcohol Survey.

Abstract

Objective: Understanding the relationship between people's lifetime alcohol use and their awareness of the risk of common chronic diseases from alcohol use is important for informing health messaging efforts. This article aimed to (a) assess the level of awareness that alcohol use increases the risk of cancer, diabetes, and hypertension, and (b) examine the association between lifetime drinking patterns and levels of awareness.

Method: We used data from the 2019-2020 National Alcohol Survey that included awareness that cancer, hypertension, and diabetes could result from drinking too much alcohol (yes/no/unsure), past-year alcohol use, and lifetime alcohol use operationalized as peak lifetime drinking pattern and ever having two or more symptoms of alcohol use disorder. We conducted multinomial regressions to examine associations between lifetime alcohol use and awareness of alcohol as a risk factor for each health outcome, controlling for past-year use.

Results: Overall, 42.1% acknowledged the link between alcohol use and cancer, 52.2% between alcohol use and diabetes, and 61.3% between alcohol use and hypertension. Nearly all peak lifetime drinking pattern levels were associated with a lower likelihood of awareness of the alcohol-cancer link. Conversely, nearly all levels were associated with a higher likelihood of awareness of the link between alcohol use and hypertension, and only one level was associated with awareness of the alcohol-diabetes link.

Conclusions: Awareness of alcohol's effects on chronic diseases varies by type of disease. Lifetime alcohol use is a relevant factor for understanding levels of awareness of alcohol's health effects.