A database of geomagnetic observatory monthly means: from historic to the satellite era.

IF 2.5 3区地球科学

Earth, Planets and Space Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-06 DOI:10.1186/s40623-025-02316-4

William Brown, Susan Macmillan, Eleanor Maume, Eliot Eaton

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Abstract

This work brings together the contents of previously disparate databases of absolute ground geomagnetic observations, both historic and ongoing, to process the data consistently into a coherent and accessible format for researchers. This includes converting reported time resolutions and coordinate systems into a uniform format, and applying all documented observatory baseline changes to the data records, to create a single unified vector time series of monthly mean values for each geomagnetic observatory. The data are made available freely and anonymously to researchers via a web service, updated on a monthly basis with the latest definitive and non-definitive observations reported to the World Data Centre for Geomagnetism (Edinburgh) and INTERMAGNET or Tromsø Geophysical Observatory, respectively. The current database covers 327 observatories worldwide, with observations from 1883 up until present. A separate effort involved digitising tables of monthly means in the 1841-1925 yearbooks of the Royal Observatory, Greenwich, United Kingdom and converting to homogeneous units. The resulting data represent some of the earliest magnetic data at monthly time resolution and may be of use to future studies. However, they cannot be incorporated into the monthly means database as the field vector information is incomplete; we publicise them here instead.

Graphical abstract:

Abstract Image

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地磁观测站数据库月均值：从历史到卫星时代。

这项工作汇集了以前完全不同的地面地磁观测数据库的内容，包括历史的和正在进行的，将数据一致地处理成一个连贯的、可访问的格式，供研究人员使用。这包括将报告的时间分辨率和坐标系统转换为统一格式，并将所有记录的天文台基线变化应用于数据记录，为每个地磁天文台创建一个统一的月平均值矢量时间序列。这些数据通过网络服务免费匿名提供给研究人员，每月更新一次，分别向世界地磁数据中心（爱丁堡）和INTERMAGNET或特罗姆瑟地球物理观测站报告最新的确定和非确定观测结果。目前的数据库涵盖了全球327个观测站，从1883年到现在的观测数据。另一项工作是将英国格林尼治皇家天文台1841-1925年年鉴中的月平均表数字化，并将其转换为同质单位。所得到的数据代表了一些最早的每月时间分辨率的磁数据，可能对未来的研究有用。但是，由于场矢量信息不完整，它们不能纳入月平均数据库；我们在这里进行宣传。图形化的简介:

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Earth, Planets and Space 地学天文-地球科学综合

CiteScore

5.80

自引率

16.70%

发文量

167

期刊介绍： Earth, Planets and Space (EPS) covers scientific articles in Earth and Planetary Sciences, particularly geomagnetism, aeronomy, space science, seismology, volcanology, geodesy, and planetary science. EPS also welcomes articles in new and interdisciplinary subjects, including instrumentations. Only new and original contents will be accepted for publication.